行情回顾：8 月电力及公用事业指数表现弱于市场。截至 2025 年 8 月 25 日，本月中信电力及公用事业指数上涨 4.78%，跑输沪深 300 （9.66%）4.88 个百分点。

当前我国利率期限结构进一步平坦化难度较大，可能出现比较缓慢的陡峭化。 利率期限结构的决定是流动性偏好、理性预期和期限偏好等三方面效应 综合作用的结果

进口煤量收缩趋势放缓，进口价下降。进口量方面，1-7 月累计增速实现 -13%，累计进口煤量仍然呈现收缩趋势；尽管 7 月当月同比连续 5 个月保持负 增速，但同比负增速出现边际放缓走势、环比呈现正增长，其中 7 月进口煤同比 降 22.94%、环比增 7.78%。分煤种来看，所有煤种同比仍然呈现负增长，但环 比方面仅无烟煤呈现负增长。炼焦煤增量主要来自外蒙古和俄国；动力煤增量主 要来澳大利亚；褐煤增量主要来自印度尼西亚。价格方面，全煤种进口价格实现 67 美元/吨，维持同比回落趋势，7 月当月环比降低-6.23 美元/吨。分煤种看，全 煤种进口价格较去年同期均有较大幅度下降，7 月当月全煤种价格环比均呈现下 降走势。

需求端的增长韧性需要搭配供给端的刚性，方能支撑煤价周期扁平化中枢稳定的逻辑。受煤价 持续回落影响，煤炭板块一度被红利投资所“抛弃”。要解决该问题，本质是要解答清楚煤价中 长期中枢。鉴于此我们重回煤炭研究根本，站在更长期的视角从需求、供给、成本三大维度展 开系列探讨。在“炭本溯源”系列报告的第一篇中，我们发现全球煤炭需求增速有望保持平稳， 然而需求增长韧性需要搭配供给刚性，方能支撑煤价周期扁平化中枢稳定的逻辑。因此本篇报 告将目光转移至供给端，试图探讨：1）参考发达国家经验，煤炭供给端如何变迁？2）海外历 史经验，对中国当前煤炭供给展望有何启示？3）展望未来，全球煤炭呈现怎样的供给格局？

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The market by value in this report is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from goods and/or services sold within the specified market and geography.

The market by value in this report is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from goods and/or services sold within the specified market and geography. • Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods

The market by value in this report is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from goods and/or services sold within the specified market and geography. • Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.