船舶-航运产业链:下游航运需求驱动中游船舶制造 1)上游:船舶-航运产业链上游主要由直接原材料(占20%-30%造船成本)、船舶零部件(占45%-50%造船成本)和船舶设计(占 5%造船成本)三大板块组成。 2)中游:船舶-航运产业链中游是船舶制造环节，整体造船周期从订单签约到交付一般为16-36个月，具体因船型而异。船舶建 造及支付节点包括开工(支付20%合同价款)、切钢板(支付20%价款)、铺龙骨(支付20%价款)、下水和交付(支付40%价款)。 3)下游:船舶-航运产业链下游以海运为主，市场空间广阔。2023年全球海运贸易量达到123亿吨。全球海运货种以干散货、油 品和集装箱为主，2023年占全球船舶运力的比例分别约为45%、30%和15%。

2024 年前三季度我国造船三大指标实现同比增长。根据中国船舶工业行业协会 数据，2024 年 1-9 月，我国造船完工量 3634 万载重吨，同比增长 18.2%;新 接订单量 8711 万载重吨，同比增长 51.9%;截至 9 月底，手持订单量 19330 万载重吨，同比增长 44.3%。1-9 月，我国造船三大指标以载重吨计分别占全球 总量的 55.1%、74.7%和 61.4%。

The ground support equipment (GSE) is operated on the airside of the airport and is typically associated with the servicing of aircraft during the airport turnaround and ground-based process. Some of the aircraft ground support equipment includes aircraft handling equipment such as ground power units, pushback tugs and tractors, refuelers, lavatory service and portable water trucks, air start units, deicing vehicles, boarding bridges, airstairs, apron buses, and cargo handling equipment, including baggage carts, baggage tractors, belt loaders, cargo dollies, and air cargo tow tugs.

Marine powerboat batteries are specialized batteries designed for use in boats and other watercraft. These batteries serve various functions on powerboats, including starting the engine, providing power to onboard electronics and accessories, and supporting auxiliary systems.

Outboard engines consist of internal combustion engines and gasoline-powered spark-ignition engines. They are used in marine propulsion for all types of recreational light boats and commercial boats.

Marine loading arms are used to transfer loads from LNG tankers to ports and distribution channels and viceversa. The LNG trade volume is anticipated to have considerable growth during the forecast period, which in turn will fuel the demand for LNG tankers. Increasing marine LNG transportation will augment the need for ports and marine loading arms for the efficient and fast transfer of LNG. The global marine loading arms market includes various application segments such as crude oil and refined products such as LNG, LPG, inert gases, and chemicals.

Helicopter tourism is a new dimension of the tourism industry that allows passengers/tourists to reach spots difficult to reach by other means of transport and to enjoy views of tourist destinations from the air.