3 月以来，两会召开后债市偏强格局延续，30Y 利率一度低于 1Y-MLF 利率，这也一定程度反映出市场对于降息预期的定价较为充分，同时亦隐含了市场对于宏观基本面以及政策端的一致预期。而债市持续走强之下，市场已积累不少止盈盘，且交易也愈发拥挤，脆弱性相应提升。近日基本面数据边际好转，叠加 MLF 操作窗口逐步临近，债市开始呈现回调。且股债“跷跷板”效应下，债市波动进一步加剧。  

本篇是“学海拾珠”系列第一百八十二篇，作者利用传统和替代配置技术对因子和资产配置组合进行研究和比较。首先，作者从理论层面介绍关联网络和有向网络，并与投资组合管理相结合；其次，应用图论和网络分析研究资产和因子之间的关系；此外，作者展示各配置技术在纯因子、纯资产和混合配置中的实证结果；最后，运用 LASSO 和交叉验证来研究策略的风险敞口和找到最优配置方案。回到国内市场，资产和因子配置领域尚有较大的研究空间，机器学习和网络技术不失为一个良好的切入角度，值得探索。

A POS terminal is a device that is used to make payments or carry out transactions using a debit or credit card. When a POS terminal is EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa standard)-compatible, it is referred to as an EMV POS terminal.

Luxury goods companies play an important role in moving the broader fashion industry toward an environmentally responsible, circular economy. Technology can help accelerate the green transition and improve the relationship between companies and their customers. Several recent developments in digital technology, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT), may change the luxury market forever.

A self-service kiosk is an interactive device that empowers customers to conduct transactions or access services conveniently. For instance, customers can purchase train or bus tickets, check-in at hotels, manage office inventories, or check in for flights without waiting in long lines or seeking assistance. The global self-service kiosk market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.71% over the forecast period. North America and Europe, followed by APAC, are expected to witness significant selfservice kiosk demand. However, the Middle East and Latin America are likely to develop opportunities with the opening of new business projects of branded retail shops and expansion of established firms in these areas, especially in the retail and food & beverage industries.

The global luxury fashion market is gaining momentum with the rise in the number of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs), the popularity of millennials and Gen Z, increasing brand loyalty among customers, and the association of luxury brands with greater social acceptance. The rapidly changing technological landscape and the growing adoption of technologies such as AR by the fashion industry, supported by the growing penetration of digital channels across developing markets, provide significant growth opportunities for vendors.

资管产品回表及银行扩表力度较大，2022年-2023上半年存款明显提速。资管产品回表方面，受资管新规及市场波动影响，部分资管产品赎回后沉淀为银行存款。值得注意的是，由于银行表内资产端配置与资管产品明显不同，回表内过程中存款增速快于资产增速。从银行经营角度看，这意味着存款供给较为充裕，一定程度上为2023年多轮存款降息创造了适宜条件。银行扩表方面，商业银行加大信贷投放与政府债券配置力度，资产增速快于社融。由于银行扩表会同步派生存款，因此，扩表力度加大也会提升存款增速。

债市走牛提振理财收益率升至 5%附近，3 月理财收益率有所回落。2 月市场流动性充裕、资金面整体运行平稳，机构间行为因春节效应等因素存在分化，同时，信贷投放力度有所减弱，债券市场收益率快速下行。2 月 10Y 国债收益率、1Y 国股行 NCD 发行利率中枢分别环比上月下降 10、13bp 至 2.4%、2.31%。受债市走牛提振，2 月末固定收益类理财近 1 个月年化收益率升至 5.1%，较月初大 幅提升 3pct。3 月以来理财收益率稳中略降，但仍运行于较高收益率区间，截至 3 月 8 日，固定收益类理财近 1 个月年化收益率 4.7%。

我国个人养老金第三支柱发展潜力较大。目前我国养老体系主要由第一支柱承担，第二支柱部分补充，第三支柱发展不足。截至 2022 年末，我国养老第一支柱、第二支柱和第三支柱规模分别为 9.6、5.0 和 0.2 万亿元。截至 2023 年 9 月末，美国养老第三支柱，IRAs 与 Annuities 的规模高达 14.8 万亿美元。我国养老第三支柱刚刚起步，潜力较大。