As part of NASA's Avionics Steering Committee's stated goal to advance the avionics discipline ahead of program and project needs, the committee initiated a multi-Center technology roadmapping activity to create a comprehensive avionics roadmap. The roadmap is intended to strategically guide avionics technology development to effectively meet future NASA missions needs. The scope of the roadmap aligns with the twelve avionics elements defined in the ASC charter, but is subdivided into the following five areas: Foundational Technology (including devices and components), Command and Data Handling, Spaceflight Instrumentation, Communication and Tracking, and Human Interfaces.

关键词：航空电子设备；指挥和控制；航天器仪表

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Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicles (MMEEVs) are blunt-body vehicles designed with the purpose of transporting payloads from outer space to the surface of the Earth. To achieve high-reliability and minimum weight, MMEEVs avoid use of limited-reliability systems, such as parachutes and retro-rockets, instead using built-in impact attenuators to absorb energy remaining at impact to meet landing loads requirements. The Multi-Mission Systems Analysis for Planetary Entry (M-SAPE) parametric design tool is used to facilitate the design of MMEEVs and develop the trade space. Testing was conducted to characterize the material properties of several candidate impact foam attenuators to enhance M-SAPE analysis. In the current effort, two different Rohacell foams were tested to determine their thermal conductivity in support of MMEEV design applications. These applications include thermal insulation during atmospheric entry, impact attenuation, and post-impact thermal insulation in support of thermal soak analysis. Results indicate that for these closed-cell foams, the effect of impact is limited on thermal conductivity due to the venting of the virgin material gas and subsequent ambient air replacement. Results also indicate that the effect of foam temperature is significant compared to data suggested by manufacturer's specifications.

关键词：航空航天器；大气层；衰减器；泡沫

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In this chapter, a new technique for multivariable closed-loop identification is presented. On the basis of process input and output data in the control loops, the process frequency-response matrix is estimated with signal decomposition and frequency spectrum analysis, and then a transform-function matrix is identified by least square method. The required input and output data are obtained while the processes are still in normal closed-loop operation. The closed-loop identification is applied to the boiler-turbine coordinated control system of power unit. Simulation example is given to show both effectiveness and accuracy of the identification method for boiler-turbine unit.

关键词：闭环辨识；频率响应；多变量系统；锅炉

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A modular flight control strategy is presented here to demonstrate the improved command tracking performance with fault tolerance and reconfiguration capabilities. The modular control design process consists of inner and outer loop design concept, where outer baseline controller feedback loop ensures the stability and robustness and inner reconfigurable design is responsible for the fault-tolerance against actuator faults/failures. This guarantees augmented autonomy and intelligence on board aircraft for real time decision and fault tolerant control. Requirements for aerospace cyber physical systems (ACPS) and software are far more stringent than those found in industrial automation systems. The results shows that fault tolerant aspect is mandatory for ACPS, that must support real time behavior and also requires ultra-high reliability as many systems or/sub-systems are safety critical and require certification.

关键词：模块化飞行；控制策略；航空航天CPS

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The mixed controller design problem of Dynamic Positioning Systems for Ships (DPSS) is discussed in this paper. Based on the H_2 control scheme, passivity theory and Lyapunov function, the sufficient conditions are derived into Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) problems which can be solved by convex optimization algorithm. Therefore, the mixed performance controller can be designed via solving proposed sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the mixed performance of DPSS with minimized output energy and initial conditions. Finally, the simulation results are presented to demonstrated the effectiveness and useful of the proposed design method.

关键词：DPSS；混合性能；无源化； H_2方法

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No abstract available.

关键词：替代能源；替代燃料的资格；汽车燃料

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No abstract available.

关键词：航空航天医学;模拟;生物动力学;骨骼成像技术;长期太空飞行;脊髓损伤

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The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a decision support tool that is useful to spaceflight mission planners and medical system designers when assessing risks and optimizing medical systems. The IMM project maintains a database of medical conditions that could occur during a spaceflight. The IMM project is in the process of assigning an incidence rate, the associated functional impairment, and a best and a worst case end state for each condition. The purpose of this work was to develop the IMM Abdominal Injury Module (AIM). The AIM calculates an incidence rate of traumatic abdominal injury per person-year of spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS). The IMM project needs the incidence rate in the form of a probability density function, with the most likely incidence rate and the associated uncertainty determined. While the incidence rate for this medical event is low, the possible outcome (crew evacuation or loss of crew) is quite significant.

关键词：国际空间站载人航天飞行,航空航天医学;数学模型;损伤;概率理论;生物动力学;评估;灵敏度分析;数据基地;宇航员

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No abstract available.

关键词：动脉硬化;长时间的太空飞行,耗氧量;生物标志物;缺氧;压力(生物学);起飞前的分析;通分析;脖子(解剖);超声波;血管舒张,血液,尿液;航空航天医学

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Space radiation effects mitigation has been identified as one of the highest priority technology development areas for human space flight in the NASA Strategic Space Technology Investment Plan (Dec. 2012). In this paper we review the special features of space radiation that lead to severe constraints on long-term (more than 180 days) human flight operations outside Earth's magnetosphere. We then quantify the impacts of human space radiation dose limits on spacecraft engineering design and development, flight program architecture, as well as flight program schedule and cost. A new Deep Space Habitat (DSH) concept, the hybrid inflatable habitat, is presented and shown to enable a flexible, affordable approach to long term manned interplanetary flight today.

关键词：电离辐射;宇航员;辐射剂量;辐射危害;外星辐射;深太空;行星际飞行;对策

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