关键词：保险行业；人身险；寿险

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关键词：银行行业；资产负债业务；银行基本面分析；银行股；

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关键词：金融行业；金融监管；金融产品

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关键词：银行行业；商业银行；资本债

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Changes in operations can save 5-30% of building energy use at low cost, yet these changes are often not implemented. Little attention has been directed toward understanding why. This project focuses on how building operators approach energy use and conservation in their work, viewing the building as a social system. It draws on interviews, a workshop, surveys, and case studies, learning from operators, facilities staff, researchers, policymakers and occupants. We found two clusters of obstacles to lowered energy use. First, while building operators have the technical means to reduce energy use, social, organizational and technical constraints limit ability and motivation. These include low status, customer service practices, poor feedback on occupant environment, little energy data, and technology shortcomings. A second cluster of obstacles rests on the fact that current combinations of buildings, management, and expectations leave many occupants dissatisfied with indoor environment. Recommendations call for shifting the focus of energy use reduction strategies to better include building operators, who are in an ideal position to shape and vet solutions. These include (1) increasing status and visibility of building operators; (2) improving ability to see how energy is used; and (3) attending to indoor environment in coordination with energy efficiency.

关键词：大气；空气健康；建筑

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Focusing on the U.S. sulfur dioxide (SO2) allowance market from its inception (in 1994) to 2009, we model allowance prices to determine the influence of market fundamentals such as prices of high- and low-sulfur coalon allowance price level and volatility. Our empirical analysis finds that the SO2 market, similar to other emission markets studied in the literature, had relatively weak influence of market fundamentals for several years after launch that is, allowance prices did not reflect marginal abatement costs for the first several years of operation. However, we find evidence of increased influence of market fundamentals after the first few years of the program but before a court decision that introduced significant uncertainty into the market in mid-2008. We also find that market volatility increased in response to all types of communications from the administrator, suggesting that the development of a formal communication strategy, possibly similar to the strategy used by central banks, would reduce price volatility and increase the efficiency of the market.

关键词：配额市场；银行；通信

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There is a growing research tradition in the interface between Economics and Computer Science: Economic insights and questions about incentives inform the design of systems, while concepts from the theory of computation help illuminate classical Economics problems. This dissertation presents results in both directions of the intellectual exchange. Originally designed by industry engineers, the sponsored search auction has raised many interesting questions and spurred much research in auction design. For example, early auctions were based on a rst-price payment model and proved to be highly unstable | this dissertation explores how improvements in the bidding language could restore stability. We also show that a rst-price auction oers substantially better performance guarantees when a single advertiser may benet from multiple ads. Another interesting problem arises because sponsored search auctions must operate with limited information about a user's behavior | we show how sampling can maintain incentive compatibility even when the auctioneer incorrectly predicts the user's behavior.

关键词：经济学；计算机科学；广告；拍卖；支付

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One of the most significant market structure developments in recent years is high frequency trading ("HFT"). By utilizing modern high-speed computers and computation technologies, HFT firms are able to execute electronic transactions within milliseconds even microseconds and therefore taking advantage of small discrepancies in prices, and regulator are weighing new rules for high-speed trading. Although the equity market is drastically competitive, the potential opportunities are to develop advanced technologies including trading models and algorithms. The technical part mainly discussed mathematical models to process the Limit Order Book (LOB) Information, especially for the discrete model, which is quite popular in research on high frequency trading. This article mainly focus on the market making strategies, we developed two major strategies and tested them using real market data. Details of implementations of these strategies and their pros and cons are also provided.

关键词：高频交易（HFT）；交易模型；算法

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