关键词：燃料电池，碳中和，碳达峰，核证自愿减排量

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Water quality monitoring is critically important in efforts to both limit human exposure to toxic chemicals and to protect ecosystems. This study integrates artificial neural network (ANN) processing with MFC-based biosensing in the detection of three organic pollutants that have relevance to DoD operations: aldicarb, dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP), and bisphenol-A (BPA). Overall, the use of the ANN proved to be more reliable than direct correlations with raw data in the prediction of both chemical concentration and type. The ANN made no errors in the identification and quantification of all chemicals in three concentration ranges. Additionally, chemical mixtures and chemicals dissolved in the standard feed medium were accurately identified by the ANN. Finally, the newly-tested metrics of 10-hour Subsidence Rate (10SR) and First Moment (FrM) proved to be useful in ANN development. This study is the first to incorporate ANN modeling with MFC-based biosensing for the detection and quantification of organic pollutants that are not readily biodegradable. It is also the first to evaluate the utility of 10-hr SR and FM as metrics. Furthermore, this work provides insight into MFC-based biosensing as it pertains to limits of detection and its applicability to scenarios where mixtures of pollutants and unique solvents are involved.

关键词：燃料电池；化学反应；环境检测

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No abstract available.

关键词：大气；气体成分；气候变化；空气分析

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DOD maintains the evidence is inconclusive regarding whether exposure to burn pit emissions creates a long-term health risk for deployed personnel. Contrary to this position, several military professionals maintain the evidence is clear. An Air Force physician at Balad Air Base concurred with a 2006 memorandum and stated: In my professional opinion, the known carcinogens and respiratory sensitizers released into the atmosphere by the burn pit present both an acute and a chronic health hazard to our troops and the local population. A 2011 memorandum from an Army Officer cited evidence that air quality on Bagram Air Field was 'unhealthy' and concluded that the primary contributor was the burn pit. He also listed potential long-term health risks associated with long-term exposure to air conditions such as those found on Bagram. The 2011 memorandum led to a Congressional inquiry and passage of Public Law 112-260 directing the VA to establish an 'Open Air Burn Pit Registry.' This paper will examine studies on exposure to open-air burn pits, look at the recent legislation and potential ramifications for the VA system, and will conclude with a review of technology that might be implemented to abolish open-air burn pits.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气健康

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Illinois Carbon Monoxide Screen for Intersection Modeling (COSIM) Version 3.0 is a Windows-based computer program currently used by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to estimate worst-case carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations near signalized intersections in Illinois. Modeled results from COSIM are based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) mobile source emission model, MOBILE6.2, and roadway dispersion model, CAL3QHC v 2.0. Emission factor (EF) tables derived from MOBILE6.2 are incorporated directly into COSIM's program coding. Recent regulatory changes in mobile source emissions modeling have prompted IDOT to update the EFs used in COSIM with EFs estimated using EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) mobile source emission model. This report documents the changes made to COSIM, Version 3.0, that allow IDOT to continue to use COSIM (Version 4.0) to estimate worst-case CO concentrations for proposed roadway projects with signalized intersections in 2013 and beyond.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气质量检测

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The 2010 EPA emissions regulation for NOx is 0.2 g/bhr-hr, and the EPA has started to certify vehicles that can actually meet this regulation. Most manufacturers had initially opted instead to meet a Family Emission Limit (FEL) around 1.2-1.5 g/bhp-hr NOx with most of their vehicle emissions lying between the two standards. Currently the EPA has certified engines with both the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technologies to meet the strict 0.2 g/bhr-hr NOx standard. While there is only one EGR system that has been certified by the EPA as meeting 2010 emissions regulations (Navistar, Inc.), there are several SCR systems that can meet this requirement (Cummins, Detroit Diesel, Volvo etc.). Moreover the SCR system in addition to meeting emissions regulations can result in a 3 to 5.5% increase in fuel efficiency. The SCR system typically uses a zeolite NOx adsorption catalyst that can selectively adsorb NOx molecules during lean burn operation and convert it to N2 and H2O with the injection of an urea water solution called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). It is the technology of choice for emissions control in Europe and several manufacturers have adopted this for the United States. SCR systems require tuning to work properly and systems can be tuned with either preexisting engine performance curves or with NOx/NH3 sensors. The use of NOx/NH3 sensors can provide closed loop control of the SCR system that can optimize the system for improved NOx reduction efficiencies and low NH3 slip. According to a recent review Reliable and accurate NOx sensors will be the key to the management of adsorption catalysts. The optimized use of SCR systems can increase the value for the customer with fuel and DEF savings (including reduced frequency and costs of the dealer servicing of the emissions system consumables) over the life of the vehicle helping defray the added cost of the system.

关键词：大气；废气排放；废气转化处理；大气污染

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The National Research Council convened a workshop on September 12-13, 2013, to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. The workshop participants were encouraged to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气治理；气候变化

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We are establishing a theoretical procedure to identify most potential candidates of CO2 solid sorbents from a large solid material databank to meet the DOE programmatic goal for energy conversion; To explore the optimal working conditions for the promised CO2 solid sorbents, especially from room to warm T ranges with optimal energy usage, used for both pre- and post-combustion capture technologies.

关键词：大气；温室气体；全球变暖

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A general outline of the ESPC coupled atmosphere/ocean/ice/wave/land prediction system is proposed for the Initial Operational Capability targeted for 2018. A description of how it will cycle at both FNMOC and NAVOCEANO is included, although the specifics of how the distributed job control will function are still to be determined as the system becomes more mature. A potential issue with regard to the transfer of model output between the two centers has been identified and must be addressed in the upcoming years.

关键词：大气；气候变化；空气治理

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We have updated the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Environment (ABLE) model to use multicore/multinode parallelization via the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The model source code has been rewritten to use the Battlefield Environment Division Modeling Framework (BMF), an object-oriented framework developed to facilitate implementation of new technologies and algorithms. BMF is documented in this report.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气治理模型

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