关键词：煤炭；电力；社会用电；火电；装机容量

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关键词：光伏；平价；发展

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基于自主开发的海洋条件系统分析程序RELAP5/MC,研究了倾斜、摇摆海洋条件对浮动式核电厂全船断电事故(SBO)后系统自然循环特性的影响。研究结果表明,对于具有一次侧非能动余热排出系统(PRHR)的浮动式核电厂,PRHR冷凝器在海洋条件下的响应受稳压器波动流量、蒸汽发生器并联热阱的影响,与二次侧PRHR在海洋条件下的性能有较大的差异;稳压器和回路间的流量交换对左舷环路的冷却能力影响较大。

关键词：浮动式核电厂；全船断电；自然循环；RELAP5/MC

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A Forward Operating Base (FOB) is designed to support combat operations in an austere environment, which often lacks pre-existing infrastructure. On-site diesel generators are the primary source of FOB electricity. Traditionally, each generator is connected to its own set of loads and operates independently from other generators. The benefits of transitioning from traditional generator employment to an alternative architecture using an Energy Management System (EMS) were investigated in this thesis. The EMS provides an interface between power sources, loads, and energy storage elements to form a microgrid. Using power electronics and programmable logic, the EMS provides capabilities such as power source selection, power metering, flow control, and peak power management. These capabilities enable more efficient generator utilization by matching real-time load demand to the smallest capable power source, reducing overall fuel consumption. The EMS offers redundancy as it can connect any one of multiple power sources to critical loads. A hardware- based laboratory experiment demonstrated the ability to transition from one power source to another while providing uninterrupted current to the load. The results of the experiment validate a Simulink model of the EMS. An example load profile was applied to the model to compare overall fuel consumption between the traditional architecture and the EMS-enabled microgrid.

关键词：柴油燃料；发电机；能源管理

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important in fuel cells. Although platinum nanoparticles can catalyse the ORR in an efficient way, the high cost of the platinum catalysts, together with its limited reserves in nature, has been shown to be the major 'showstopper' to mass market fuel cells for commercial applications. Following our earlier work on metal-free, nitrogen- doped carbon nanotubes (Gong, K.; Du, F.; Xia, Z.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. Science 2009, 323, 760) and nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (Qu, L.; Liu, Y.; Baek, J.-B.; Dai, L. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 1321) as highly efficient ORR, we have developed in this project new metal-free and oxygen-free graphene materials by either edge-functionalization or ball milling as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR in fuel cells and other applications, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

关键词：催化剂；燃料电池；石墨烯；纳米技术

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In this paper, we present an approach to large-scale data analysis, Divide and Recombine (D&R), and describe a hardware and software implementation that supports this approach. We then illustrate the use of D&R on large-scale power systems sensor data to perform initial exploration discover multiple data integrity issues, build and validate algorithms to filter bad data, and construct statistical event detection algorithms. This paper also reports on experiences using a non-traditional Hadoop distributed computing setup on top of a HPC computing cluster.

关键词：算法；计算机程序；分布式数据处理；划分和重组

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The aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) are demonstrated to serve as active photothermal media, to enhance and control local photothermal energy deposition via the photothermal effect activated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and amplified by Al NPs oxidation. The activation source is a 2-AA-battery-powered xenon flash lamp. The extent of the photothermally activated movement of Al NPs can be approx. 6 mm. Ignition delay can be approx. 0.1 ms. Both scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements of motion-only and after-ignition products confirm significant Al oxidation occurs through sintering and bursting after the flash exposure. Simulations suggest local heat generation is enhanced by LSPR. The positive- feedback effects from the local heat generation amplified by Al oxidation produce a large increase in local temperature and pressure, which enhances movement and accelerates ignition.

关键词：电池能源；光热光谱分析；等离子体

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Safe transport and long term storage of used nuclear fuel requires that the fuel clad material remains structurally sound. Understanding the impact of irradiation on new and high burn-up fuel cladding materials is critical to make this assessment. There is, therefore, a need to establish the relationship between the behavior and performance of unirradiated cladding and actual irradiated cladding. ORNL is addressing this linkage with an experiment designed to simulate high-burnup used fuel cladding by irradiating cladding material in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Fast neutron irradiation of pre-hydrided zirconium-alloy cladding in the HFIR at elevated temperatures is being carried out to simulate the effects of high burnup on used fuel cladding. Test results from irradiated, prehydrided metallic materials will be used to benchmark test results of high-burnup used fuel cladding. Additionally, samples free of alpha contamination can be provided to researchers/students in universities without hot cell facilities to support the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign (UFDC). This approach is designed to provide well-controlled neutron irradiation of pre-hydrided materials in the desired temperature range (200-350 degrees C) similar to the service temperatures of boiling water reactors (BWRs) and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The clad hydrogen content is in the range of 400-800 weight parts per million (wppm), which is similar to what has been observed for high-burnup used fuel cladding in PWRs.

关键词：燃耗；覆层；污染；快中子；HFIR反应器

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This paper presents results of a comparative study of a micro-combined heat and power (CHP) unit with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fed by two different fuels.For current analysis biogas and dimethyl ether (DME) were selected.Detailed model of the micro-CHP system with net power output of 3 kWel was created,based on an advanced model of the SOFC.In both power units,steam reforming was employed in order to generate hydrogen-rich gas.Reforming temperatures of 900℃ and 350℃ were selected for biogas and DME,respectively.Both systems were based on the same reference solid oxide fuel cells.Similar plant outlines was employed,with small changes to accommodate different reformer operating temperatures.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池；微型热电联产；造型

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In this report, we present results of an ongoing study aimed at measuring and optimizing the nonradiative lifetime and the internal radiative quantum efficiency of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells that are grown at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) using different substrate growth temperatures and arsenic (As)/gallium (Ga) flux ratios to determine the growth parameters that maximize the bulk GaAs minority carrier nonradiative lifetime. We report a significant increase in the nonradiative lifetime and the internal radiative quantum efficiency of MBE- grown GaAs/aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) double heterostructure (DH) structures grown at ARL with a growth temperature of 595 C and an As/Ga flux ratio = 15. Our results show that the nonradiative lifetime and internal radiative quantum efficiency of the DH structures grown using these parameters are comparable to those of the highest quality reported MBE-grown GaAs.

关键词：铝镓砷化物；外延生长；量子效率；太阳能电池

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