Many manufacturing companies need PLM software to deal with their functional levels of product designing, design engineering, and manufacturing. The growing product complexity and the increase in product portfolio across organizations have led to the emergence of PLM software and services. PLM software caters to the need for managing products in terms of servitization. It offers solutions to the production process across industries. The implementation of PLM software in an organization provides higher revenue, reduce cost, and capital efficiency.

Insurance is a promise of compensation in case of damage/injury/loss in exchange for a premium. It is a form of risk management. Insurance services include various forms of compensation benefits such as protection of property and vehicles against damage or loss, reimbursement of the cost associated with healthcare, and compensation for accidental death to pre-decided beneficiaries. Logistics insurance offers insurance against the damage or loss to business because of interruption in the logistics chain. Some of the common events that are covered under logistics insurance package are given in the exhibit.

Container ships are cargo ships that carry their load in intermodal containers. The shipping capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). Container shipping uses different sizes of containers to transport goods from one place to another. The global merchandise trade is carried out via sea with container shipping accounting for the major market share. The global container fleet market was significantly affected by the global economic crisis in 2015-2016. This created a demand-supply imbalance along with lower freight rates. However, the market is expected to recover and perform better compared with the other segments of the shipping industry during the forecast period.

对煤矿生产物流系统的概念、分类进行界定，研究了煤矿物流路线长和物流节点多的特点。针对其特点，基于矿井的分布现状对煤炭仓储中心的选址进行研究，建立了考虑仓储中心的建设成本和煤炭的运输成本，以总成本最小为目标函数的选址模型，然后采用免疫算法实现了对仓储中心选址模型的快速求解。