从传统视角看船周期，一般一艘船龄在20-30年的船将被更换。由于船舶种类繁多，各种船在历史上受到经济、政策法 规的各种因素影响，例如运价高、钢价低时，船东拆解意愿低；有环保政策约束时，船东拆解意愿较高。据克拉克森，船 舶拆解时的平均船龄从2007-2008年的29年，到2021年的25年，船舶拆解寿命中枢或有下移趋势，也就是说，船舶的更新换 代或在加速。

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

近日，中国商用飞机有限责任公司董事长在2023 浦江创新论坛 全体大会上透露，截至目前， 中国商飞已经交付了2 架C919，订单量已 经达到1061 架，后续该飞机的发展包括缩短型到加长型，覆盖的座级会 从130 座到240 座。此外，C929 计划提供250 到350 座席，航程将达 到12000 公里，目前处于初步设计阶段。

在国际民航组织（ICAO）国际航空业2050 净零目标的背景下，中国将在2027 年列入CORSIA 碳抵消机制监管范围，结合国内“绿色民航”的长期战略方向， ESG 对航空公司重要性不断提高。我们从合规监管与业务开展的双重视角出 发，基于国情，提炼了4 项航空业实质性议题，分别为气候变化、服务质量与 安全、信息安全与商业道德。最后，结合国内外优秀ESG 披露案例，介绍航 空业ESG 治理实践。