Ultra-thin body and buried oxide (UTBB) fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are widely recognized as a promising candidate for 20 nm technology node and beyond, due to outstanding electrostatic control of short channel effects (SCE). Introduction of a highly-doped layer underneath thin buried oxide (BOX), so called ground-plane (GP), targets suppression of detrimental parasitic substrate coupling and opens multi-threshold voltage (V_(Th)) and dynamic- V_(Th) opportunities within the same process as well as the use of back-gate control schemes. Electrostatics, scalability and variability issues in UTBB MOSFETs as well as their perspectives for low power digital applications are widely discussed in the literature. At the same time assessment of UTBB FD SOI for analog and RF applications received less attention. This chapter will discuss Figures of Merit (FoM) of UTBB MOSFETs of interest for further analog/ RF applications summarizing our original research over the last years. Device analog/RF performance is assessed through the key parameters such as the transconductance, g_m, the output conductance, g_d, the intrinsic gain, A_v and the cutoff frequencies, f_T and f_(max). Particular attention is paid to (1) a wide-frequency band assessment, the only approach that allows fair performance prediction for analog/RF applications; (2) the effect of parasitic elements, whose impact on the device performance increases enormously in deeply downscaled devices, in which they can even dominate device performance. Whenever possible, we will compare FoM achievable in UTBB FD SOI devices with those reported for other advanced devices.

关键词：埋氧；硅绝缘体；FOM

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This chapter presents a low-cost, flexible lab test-bench wind farm for advanced research and education on wind turbine and wind farm design and control. The mechanical, electrical, electronic and control system design of the wind turbines, along with the dynamic models, parameters and classical pitch and torque controllers are introduced in detail. Furthermore, the study presents a variety of experiments that (a) quantifies the effect of the number of blades in the aerodynamic efficiency, (b) estimates the generator efficiency, (c) validates the rotor-speed pitch control system, (d) proves the concept of maximum power point tracking for individual wind turbines, (e) estimates the aerodynamic C_p/λ characteristics, (f) calculates the power curve, and (g) studies the effect of wind farm topology configurations on the individual and global power efficiency. The experimental results prove that the dynamics of the test-bench corresponds well with full-scale wind turbines. This fact makes the test-bench wind farm appropriate for advanced research and education in wind energy systems.

关键词：风力发电机组的设计；风力发电机组造型；涡轮参数辨识

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The physics of collisionless shocks is a very broad topic which has been studied for more than five decades. However, there are a number of important issues which remain unresolved. The energy repartition amongst particle populations in quasiperpendicular shocks is a multi-scale process related to the spatial and temporal structure of the electromagnetic fields within the shock layer. The most important processes take place in the close vicinity of the major magnetic transition or ramp region. The distribution of electromagnetic fields in this region determines the characteristics of ion reflection and thus defines the con-ditions for ion heating and energy dissipation for supercritical shocks and also the region where an important part of electron heating takes place. In other words, the ramp region determines the main characteristics of energy repartition. All these processes are crucially dependent upon the characteristic spatial scales of the ramp and foot region provided that the shock is stationary. The process of shock formation consists of the steepening of a large amplitude nonlinear wave. At some point in its evolution the steepening is arrested by processes occurring within the shock transition. From the earliest studies of collisionless shocks these processes were identified as nonlinearity, dissipation, and dispersion. Their relative role determines the scales of electric and magnetic fields, and so control the characteristics of processes such as ion reflection, electron heating and particle acceleration. The determination of the scales of the electric and magnetic field is one of the key issues in the physics of collisionless shocks. Moreover, it is well known that under certain conditions shocks manifest a nonstationary dynamic behaviour called reformation. It was suggested that the transition from stationary to nonstationary quasiperiodic dynamics is related to gradients, e.g. scales of the ramp region and its associated whistler waves that form a precursor wave train. This implies that the ramp region should be considered as the source of these waves. All these questions have been studied making use observations from the Cluster satellites. The Cluster project continues to provide a unique viewpoint from which to study the scales of shocks. During its lifetime the inter-satellite distance between the Cluster satellites has varied from 100 km to 10000 km allowing scientists to use the data best adapted for the given scientific objective. The purpose of this review is to address a subset of unresolved problems in collisionless shock physics from experimental point of view making use multi-point observations onboard Cluster satellites. The problems we address are determination of scales of fields and of a scale of electron heating, identification of energy source of precursor wave train, an estimate of the role of anomalous resistivity in energy dissipation process by means of measuring short scale wave fields, and direct observation of reformation process during one single shock front crossing.

关键词：碰撞冲击；波在等离子体中；非平稳性

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In August 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) announced the final standard governing new-vehicle fuel economy for model years 2017 through 2025. The new standard maintains the current system of incremental increases in Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requirements for new light-duty vehicles each model year, based on targeted decreases averaging approximately 5% per year in CO2 output per mile. This report compares the recent improvements in fuel economy with the projected CAFE performance levels anticipated by NHTSA. Recent trends in CAFE performance, when compared with the performance levels projected to be achieved by NHTSA, indicate that achieved CAFE performance has exceeded these anticipated levels for 2012 and 2013 model years--the two years that the current standard has been in effect. Additionally, achieved CAFE performance has consistently increased annually from model year 2008 through model year 2013. If the current trends in annual improvements continue, future CAFE performance is expected to continue meeting or exceeding the projected performance levels (and desired greenhouse gas reductions) contained in the latest CAFE standards.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气健康

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The proposal described in this chapter uses the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm as an optimization method in which we want to dynamically adapt its parameters using fuzzy logic control systems, with the goal that the fuzzy system gives the optimal parameter of the DE algorithm to find better results, depending on the type of problems the DE is applied.

关键词：参数；模糊逻辑控制系统；差分进化

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Ball-screw-driven stages are extensively used in industry for high-precision fabrication thanks to the low cost and high efficiency. However, spring-like nonlinear frictions including the friction at the linear guide and the friction within screw and nut grooves can significantly degrade the control performance. In this paper, the effectiveness and imperfection of conventional friction compensation is firstly analyzed. Then, a novel friction compensation method considering load-side frictions is proposed to enhance the control performance. Simulations and experiments are also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词：滚珠螺杆驱动的阶段；摩擦补偿；弹性变形

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Haptic transmission using bilateral control is used not only for tele-operation of robotic systems but also for extraction and reproduction of human motions. Popularization of the haptic technology causes growing concern about increase in the amount of haptic data of human motions. This study clarifies that conventional bilateral control is equivalent to equilibrium force control of impedance control. In other words, haptic transmission can be realized only by using information of the equilibrium force. The validity of the proposed force-based approach is verified by simulations. The obtained results show the proposed approach achieves the same performance comparing with conventional approach, which requires to transmit position, velocity, and force information. This result shows that the proposed approach succeeded to decrease the amount of haptic data without any shortcomings.

关键词：阻抗控制；双向控制；触觉；运动控制

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Nanoscale motion control is required for miniaturization and performance improvement of mechatronic systems. In motion control at nanometer scale, disturbances which do not affect the system at macro scale might greatly influence the control performance. The torque ripple caused by distortion of current is one of the most serious disturbance elements and should be eliminated. The compensation method of the distortion of the current has been researched, but conventional method can not be applied to control system in nanometer scale because short sampling time is needed. To address this problem, the method of the filter designing is proposed in this paper. The effect of the distortion of the current can be reduced by designing the filter in disturbance observer to have low-pass filter and band-stop filter. By using high-precision acceleration control based on proposed method, persistent oscillation can be suppressed, control accuracy can be improved. The validity of the proposal is comfirmed by experiments.

关键词：扰动观测；运动控制；纳米定位

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This paper presents existing train control systems in France and gives an overview of recent and future developments, including ERTMS and NExT. It describes how train control systems for mass transit and very busy suburban lines are converging, and how centralisation of control is strongly affecting operational management of main lines. It also gives up-to-date details of the evolution of the French railway system, with an emphasis on system integration, from different points of view-technical, organisational, customer service, infrastructure management, intermodality and sustainability. The intention is not to 'reinvent the wheel,' and some of the information on train control principles given here is derived from existing references, which are listed at the end.

关键词：列车控制系统；运营管理；基础设施管理

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A semi-active (SA) control system based on the use of smart mag-netorheological (MR) dampers to control the structural response of a wind turbine is proposed herein. The innovative approach is based on the implementation and use of a variable-properties base restraint. This is able to modify in real time its mechanical properties according to the instantaneous decision of a given control logic, the latter addressed to control one or more structural response parameters. The smart base restraint is thought to be a combination of a smooth hinge, elastic springs, large-scale adjustable MR dampers, and a control algorithm that instantaneously commands the latter during the motion, making them to modulate the reactive force as needed to achieve the performance goals. The design and operation of such a system are shown with reference to a case study consisting of an almost 100 m tall wind turbine, realized in a 1/20 scale model at the Denmark Technical University (DTU). Shaking table tests have been performed under the action of two different types of wind loads and by using two purposely written control logics, highlighting the high effectiveness of the proposed SA control technique and encouraging to further investigate in such direction.

关键词：半主动控制；风力发电机组；磁流变阻尼器

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