Our overall goal is to increase the capabilities of today s long- rage Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) and Unmanned Underwater Gliders (UUGs) by using high-energy-density lithium-seawater batteries. Specific objectives are (1) to test in the laboratory and ocean new lithium-seawater batteries developed and manufactured by the PolyPlus Battery Company, (2) to discover how to mount and operate these cells to minimize adverse impacts of limited mass transfer with the ambient seawater and of bio-fouling, and (3) to develop a long-range underwater UUV or UUG to exploit this energy source. Our target is to double the range/duration of long-range neutrally buoyant underwater vehicles.

关键词：蓄电池；水下车辆；电量存储

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This report summarizes key conclusions from analysis of data collected from Chevrolet Volts participating in The EV Project. Topics include how many miles are driven in EV mode, how far vehicles are driven between charging events, and how much energy is charged from the electric grid per charging event. Owners of Chevrolet Volts in 18 metropolitan areas across the United States are participating in The EV Project. They agreed to allow project researchers to monitor the usage of their vehicles throughout the project. In-use data collected between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2013 from a sample of 1,154 participating Volts were analyzed to determine how these vehicles were being used. This set of privately owned vehicles drove more than 6 million miles and performed over 220,000 charging events in the 8 month study period.

关键词：电动汽车；行驶车辆里程；电池充电器

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Chapter we present an overview of a capacitor-less DRAM cell based on a 3D multibody transistor with high scalability, low-power consumption, long retention time, non-destructive reading, and wide memory window. High performance is demonstrated on a 20 nm channel length device, including '1' to '0' current ratio larger than 10~3 (with negligible '0' current level), very low voltage bias operation and retention time longer than 20 ms at 85 ℃ in worst cases. Compared to previous equivalent 3D memory cells reported so far, the proposed cell shows longer retention time even though the gate length is shrunk by a factor of two. The voltages used to write and read the information are far smaller than the previously reported ones in comparable structures. We have confirmed by TCAD simulation that the improvements are attributed to an innovative operation concept: a dedicated body partitioning. This device exploits the working principle of the A2RAM memory cell recently introduced by researchers at the University of Granada and Grenoble INP. The principles of operation and key mechanisms for programming are described. The new concept of 3D (FinFET, trigate or nanowire) DRAM cell proposed features a N/P body partitioning which enables the physical separation of hole storage and sensing electron current. The hole concentration in a surrounding P-crust, controls the partial or full depletion of a N-core which short-circuits drain and source of the device. The status of the N-bridge (depleted or un-depleted) determines the two memory logic states. The cell is compatible with ultimate scaling and shows attractive performance (long retention, wide memory window, simple programming, nondestructive reading, and very low-power operation) for embedded systems.

关键词：第三个维度；无电容器；嵌入式系统

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Low-power consumption thermo-optically controlled silicon microring resonator loaded Mach-Zehnder modulators and switches (MRR-loaded MZMs/MZ switches) are demonstrated. We experimentally characterized single microring and cascaded-multiple-MRR resonators coupled to one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The anving power consumption of the proposed MZM is significantly reduced owing to the enhanced phase shift in the MRR. The device was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide structure and each microring is equipped with TiN microheater for thermo-optic tuning. The coupling efficiency between a microring and a busline waveguide was regulated by varying the gap between two waveguides at a directional coupler. Power consumption of a single microring MZI and cascaded MRR-loaded MZMs were approximately 0.4 mW and1mW, respectively. The phase-shift enhancement factor of up to19 with a maximum extinction ratio of18 dB was obtained experimentally. Multiple-wavelength operation was also demonstrated in the cascaded MRR-loaded MZM.

关键词：微环谐振器；热光效应；硅；马赫-曾德干涉仪

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The E-latch is a new automotive mechatronic device that substitutes the door closure mechanical system with electro-actuated parts plus an embedded electronic control unit (ECU) connected to the main vehicle network. Due to severe automotive safety-critical requirements for door closure, an energy back-up system is required. A solution based on supercaps and boost converter is proposed in this work to ensure E-latch operation even in case of main battery failure. An in-depth thermal, electrical and durability characterization of the supercaps proves the reliability of the energy back-up unit for automotive applications. A Components Off the Shelf (COTS) approach has been followed for the E-latch prototype and test phases. A migration towards an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design approach is envisaged for future large volume production.

关键词：机械系统；电致动零件；集成电路

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This chapter describes a development approach for supporting a component-based development process of real-time applications, and the schedu-lability analysis of the resulting software. The approach revolves around the Model-Driven Software Engineering paradigm and its associated technologies. They provide the theoretical and technological support for defining the most suitable abstraction levels at which applications are designed, analyzed, deployed, etc., as well as the automatic evolution of models through the defined abstractions levels. To ensure that the analyzed models correspond to the input architectural description, it is necessary to establish univocal correspondences between the concepts of the domains involved in the process. The development process is supported by an Eclipse-based tool-chain, and a sample case study comprising the well-known cruise control problem illustrates its use.

关键词：开发方法；巡航控制；Eclipse

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High-swelling sodium bentonite (Na-bentonite) commonly is used in engineered containment barriers for hydraulic control and containment of liquid-phase contaminants. Such barriers include compacted liners comprised of bentonite amended natural soils (i.e., sands, silts, and clays), manufactured geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) comprised of thin (～10 mm) sheets of Na-bentonite sandwiched between two porous geotextiles, highly compacted bentonite buffers for high-level nuclear waste disposal, and soil-bentonite (SB) vertical cutoff walls. The primary role of the bentonite in all of these barriers is to serve as a high swelling, low hydraulic conductivity, k, material (k ＜ 10~(-10) m/s) to minimize seepage of liquids (groundwater, leachates in landfills, pure-phase organic liquids, etc.) and migration of contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, radionuclides, organic compounds, etc.) through the barriers. A primary concern with bentonite-based barriers used for such containment applications is the potential for incompatibility between the bentonite and the liquid being contained, resulting in increase in k and concomitant decrease in the performance of the barrier. With this concern in mind, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the factors and potential impacts resulting from such incompatibility (Δk ＞ 0) in several different types of bentonite based-barriers, including traditional GCLs that rely solely upon bentonite as the primary hydraulic resistant material, compacted soil-bentonites (CSBs), and soil-bentonite backfills (SBBs) used in vertical cutoff walls for control of contaminated groundwater. The results show that the potential for significant incompatibility in bentonite-based barriers (i.e., Δk ranging from one to three or more orders of magnitude) generally increases with decrease in the amount of bentonite in the barrier, increase in the initial void ratio of the barrier, and/or increase in the composition and concentration of dissolved chemical species (solutes) contained in the permeant liquid. Values of k back-calculated from the results of consolidation tests based on Terzaghi's theory typically are unconservatively low and, therefore, should not be relied upon for assessing the performance of bentonite-based barriers.

关键词：导水率；膨润土；液压遏制

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Present day consumers have wide variety of demands and needs leads to increased complexity in automobiles. The price war and high quality, imposes the automobile manufacturers to have flexible design with zero defects in a highly competitive market. Unlike other industry, the quality of automobile depends on parts (manufactured and supplied by third party supplier) used and on the assembling the vehicle. To achieve the high quality that is demanded by the customers, manufacturers and their suppliers must rely on Machine Vision to prevent defects at multiple stages of production. Machine Vision can be used to inspect the quality of automobile parts, pick and place using robots, assembly line (inspection before, after and placement verification), to find missing parts, completeness, welding and painting guiding on finished automotive bodies. In addition to this, Machine Vision is also used for parts traceability decoded by reading OCR, data matrix and barcode. Different automobiles can have different quality of parts depending on price range. Machine Vision can also be used to classify automotive parts based on the required quality using measurements. This publication explains the basics of machine vision and explore the solutions that can be used in automobile industry at different stages of production.

关键词：图片来源；X射线图像；数学形态学；图像处理

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The charging station of battery replaceable EV is used as measures for voltage control for a distribution network with large penetration of PVs. Stochastic optimal operation method of the charging station which maintains voltage of a distribution network and can replace batteries is studied. In addition, the battery usage fee is evaluated to get incentive to both EV users and the charging station to demonstrate usefulness of battery replaceable EV.

关键词：光伏；分销网络；电压控制

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The present work aims to study convection and heat transfer and mass in a porous cubic cavity. The configuration considered is a cavity cube with vertical walls left and right are subjected to temperatures required while others are impermeable and adiabatic. We realized that the results depend on several characteristic parameters, and general correlations are established for the calculation of heat and mass transfer, according to various studied parameters. The study focuses on the influence of the control parameters on the structure of the flow, heat and mass transfer.

关键词：立体感；自然对流；温盐；多孔介质

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