This research develops a path planning algorithm that autonomously controls a UAV to provide convoy overwatch. The optimization algorithm determines the best path to y through developing a cost function that minimizes the control e ort of the UAV and the deviation from a desired slant range. A heuristic-based algorithm was developed and implemented on the autopilot to approximate the optimal solution. In ight test, the UAV successfully tracked a moving ground vehicle by continually placing the UAV's loiter point directly above the ground vehicle's current location. This method was called the follow-me' mode and provided the baseline for real-world UAV convoy overwatch. The follow-me mode resulted in a cost function value that was 113 times greater than the optimal path. Through an in-depth analysis, the heuristic-based approach reduced this ratio down to only 7.5 times greater than the optimal path. The data collected shows tremendous promise for improving autonomous UAV performance through optimal control techniques.

关键词：算法；自动驾驶；基线；相机；无人机

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There are various categories of commercial vehicles used extensively in Europe. These include LCVs, medium commercial vehicles, and heavy commercial vehicles. LCVs are those vehicles that have a GVWR of less than 3.5 tonnes and are commonly used for government and social organizations, public transportation, and the logistics industry.

关键词：各种类别；商用车；轻型商用车；中型商用车；重型商用车；政府；社会组织；公共交通；物流行业

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Ultra Compact Combustors offer unique solutions to minimize engine size and weight. They accomplish this by reducing the number of components in the engine core and perform the combustion in a circumferential cavity that encircles the core flow. Within this cavity, the fuel is injected rich. Burning continues to occur in the vane passage beneath the circumferential cavity which must be completed in a controlled manner prior to the inlet plane of the turbine rotor. Furthermore, the temperature distribution at the exit of the vane passage must be controlled to generate high work extraction from the turbine. The primary metrics for comparison are the exit temperature and pressure profiles, the emissions characteristics, and the overall system losses.

关键词：燃烧；燃烧器；发射；发动机零件

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The history of tires dates back to the mid-1800s, during which only rubber tires, best known as solid tires, were used. Advances in technology led to the replacement of solid tires by pneumatic tires. They were first used in automobiles by the Michelin brothers, who went on to become one of the prominent tire vendors in Europe. Over time, the tire market witnessed new breakthroughs in technology and the entry of many vendors.

关键词：轮胎；橡胶轮胎；实心轮胎；充气轮胎

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This report explores the volatility of primary organic aerosol (POA) emitted from light duty gasoline-powered vehicles at atmospherically relevant concentrations using state of the science instrumentation. Existing POA partitioning models were tested through analysis of emissions changes that result from perturbations to the dilution air used during vehicle sampling. Measurements were re-interpreted with the application of new theoretical models that can be extended to regional-scale modeling applications.

关键词：气溶胶；空气污染控制；大气化学

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With funds from this grant, Youngstown State University has purchased a Quantachrome iQ Chemisorption Analyzer and built a Chemical Reactor with Gas Chromatographer for catalyst characterization. PI has been involved in the purchase and installation of the instruments. The two new instruments were fully operational in the spring of 2013 and have so far been used for student research. For the research projects, we found that the nucleation and oxidation of Ce(OH)3 are critical steps which needs careful control in order to synthesize different morphological CeO2 nanocrystals. The combination of stirring and oxidation of suspension could destroy the nucleation and growth of Ce(OH)3, resulting in the formation of irregular CeO2 nanocrystals during the hydrothermal reactions. We demonstrated a general route for shape-controlled synthesis of CeO2 nanocrystals via mediation of the Ce(OH)3 seed before hydrothermal reactions. It was revealed that the shape of CeO2 support plays a critical role in metal-CeO2 catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation. Out of this project, six refereed and four proceeding papers were published, along with several oral presentations made by PI and students.

关键词：催化转换器；化学反应；化学吸附

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While the molecular basis of TSC is well established, far less is known about the pathogenetic mechanisms of epileptogensis in TSC, shich is found in the vast majority of patients. We introduce the novel concept that this follows from a disruption of normal synaptic pruning that is due to TSC mutation in astrocytes, the major non-neuronal cell type of the brain. Previous studies mostly focused on focal epileptogenisis in cortical tubers. In this study, we propose that nontuber cortex may present an abnormally excitable neuronal network that could underlie seizure generation. We will concentrate on a non-neuronal mechanism may exist in regulating synaptic function and thus epileptogenisis in TSC. To explore this aim, we will use a wide variety of experimental approaches, including electrophysiological (patch-clamping in culture cells and slice preparations to in vivo video-EEG monitoring), histological (conventional and fluorescent assays), molecular biological (Western blotting, biotinylation), and modern cellular imaging (confocal and two-photon microscopy of tissue preparations) techniques. We will measure biomarkers for astrocyte and neuronal functions and provide an index of glial transmission in the cortex of TSC deficient mouse models and peri-tuber or non- tuber tissue from TSC human brain. We will determine whether astrocyte dysfunction will lead to a failure in pruning excessive excitatory synapses during development, which underlies epilepsy in young TSC patients.

关键词：医学研究；神经细胞；含量测定；星形胶质细胞

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Active supersonic flow control has been a significant challenge due to the high momentum requirements to produce effective control. It was to this end that Johns Hopkins University developed the SparkJet Actuator (SJA) in collaboration with Florida State University under AFSOR sponsorship. This unsteady, dynamic actuator was tested on the benchtop over various quiescent conditions. The promising results led to a benchmark achievement of supersonic wind tunnel testing over several operating conditions. The SparkJet actuator is a zero net mass flux (ZNMF) device that generates synthetic jets through the use of an electrical discharge. Electrodes inside of a cavity connected to a capacitor bank are discharged at fixed frequencies. The high temperature from the electrical discharge increases the pressure inside of the cavity, and an orifice array located on the cavity allows the air to escape thus creating the jets used for flow control. A 1-D numerical model was developed at the Johns Hopkins University to predict the output of the actuator in terms of cavity volume, energy deposition, number of orifices and orifice diameters.

关键词：执行器；电容器；放电；电极

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报告从宏观政策环境、地方政策动态、竞争对手情报、产品与技术创新等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

关键词：宏观政策环境；地方政策动态；竞争对手情报；产品与技术创新

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In the mid-1800s, rubber tires (also known as solid tires) were most commonly used. With time and new advances, all-solid tires were replaced with pneumatic tires, which were first used in automobiles by the Michelin brothers who went on to become one of the prominent tire vendors in Europe.

关键词：客车；轮胎；橡胶轮胎；气压轮胎；米其林公司

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