High-swelling sodium bentonite (Na-bentonite) commonly is used in engineered containment barriers for hydraulic control and containment of liquid-phase contaminants. Such barriers include compacted liners comprised of bentonite amended natural soils (i.e., sands, silts, and clays), manufactured geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) comprised of thin (～10 mm) sheets of Na-bentonite sandwiched between two porous geotextiles, highly compacted bentonite buffers for high-level nuclear waste disposal, and soil-bentonite (SB) vertical cutoff walls. The primary role of the bentonite in all of these barriers is to serve as a high swelling, low hydraulic conductivity, k, material (k ＜ 10~(-10) m/s) to minimize seepage of liquids (groundwater, leachates in landfills, pure-phase organic liquids, etc.) and migration of contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, radionuclides, organic compounds, etc.) through the barriers. A primary concern with bentonite-based barriers used for such containment applications is the potential for incompatibility between the bentonite and the liquid being contained, resulting in increase in k and concomitant decrease in the performance of the barrier. With this concern in mind, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the factors and potential impacts resulting from such incompatibility (Δk ＞ 0) in several different types of bentonite based-barriers, including traditional GCLs that rely solely upon bentonite as the primary hydraulic resistant material, compacted soil-bentonites (CSBs), and soil-bentonite backfills (SBBs) used in vertical cutoff walls for control of contaminated groundwater. The results show that the potential for significant incompatibility in bentonite-based barriers (i.e., Δk ranging from one to three or more orders of magnitude) generally increases with decrease in the amount of bentonite in the barrier, increase in the initial void ratio of the barrier, and/or increase in the composition and concentration of dissolved chemical species (solutes) contained in the permeant liquid. Values of k back-calculated from the results of consolidation tests based on Terzaghi's theory typically are unconservatively low and, therefore, should not be relied upon for assessing the performance of bentonite-based barriers.

关键词：导水率；膨润土；液压遏制

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Present day consumers have wide variety of demands and needs leads to increased complexity in automobiles. The price war and high quality, imposes the automobile manufacturers to have flexible design with zero defects in a highly competitive market. Unlike other industry, the quality of automobile depends on parts (manufactured and supplied by third party supplier) used and on the assembling the vehicle. To achieve the high quality that is demanded by the customers, manufacturers and their suppliers must rely on Machine Vision to prevent defects at multiple stages of production. Machine Vision can be used to inspect the quality of automobile parts, pick and place using robots, assembly line (inspection before, after and placement verification), to find missing parts, completeness, welding and painting guiding on finished automotive bodies. In addition to this, Machine Vision is also used for parts traceability decoded by reading OCR, data matrix and barcode. Different automobiles can have different quality of parts depending on price range. Machine Vision can also be used to classify automotive parts based on the required quality using measurements. This publication explains the basics of machine vision and explore the solutions that can be used in automobile industry at different stages of production.

关键词：图片来源；X射线图像；数学形态学；图像处理

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The charging station of battery replaceable EV is used as measures for voltage control for a distribution network with large penetration of PVs. Stochastic optimal operation method of the charging station which maintains voltage of a distribution network and can replace batteries is studied. In addition, the battery usage fee is evaluated to get incentive to both EV users and the charging station to demonstrate usefulness of battery replaceable EV.

关键词：光伏；分销网络；电压控制

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The present work aims to study convection and heat transfer and mass in a porous cubic cavity. The configuration considered is a cavity cube with vertical walls left and right are subjected to temperatures required while others are impermeable and adiabatic. We realized that the results depend on several characteristic parameters, and general correlations are established for the calculation of heat and mass transfer, according to various studied parameters. The study focuses on the influence of the control parameters on the structure of the flow, heat and mass transfer.

关键词：立体感；自然对流；温盐；多孔介质

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This paper proposes a design method for a wide-area measurements based power system stabilizer to improve the mode of concern, which is the dominant inter-area mode, in each system operating point. The design method, which is an iterative one, includes two steps: feedback signal selection and controller parameter tuning. The principle of the feedback signal selection is to maximize the residue of the mode of concern for the feedback signal while minimizing that of other modes. Then the tuning process can focus on only the mode of concern. The proposed method has been tested on the day time operating point of the IEEJ West 10-machine system. The result shows that the designed controller can improve the mode of concern significantly, while it can not affect much the others.

关键词：广域测量；电力系统稳定器；反馈信号选择

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The flow structures and their interactions behind side-by-side cylinders of unequal diameters at small gap ratios are studied by dye-flow visualization and particle image velocimetry at Reynolds number 1000. The whole-field mean and fluctuating velocity distributions and evolutions in the wakes are studied by the particle image velocimetry. As the gap ratio decreases, the mutual interaction of the wakes behind side-by-side cylinders pushes the recirculation region behind the large cylinder farther downstream at the expense of deterioration of the wake behind small cylinder. This change is important and may be relevant to the applications of passive flow control strategy.

关键词：并排侧缸；小的差距比；不等径

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Stamping is a long-established, widely used industrial process for economical high-volume production. It is used extensively in the automotive industry, as well as for production of white goods and many other products. In this book we present an approach, based on process control, to improve stamped part quality at reduced cost by eliminating tearing, wrinkling and springback. The concept is straightforward: measure punch forces and then adjust the blank holder (i.e., binder) forces (i.e., how tightly we hold the blank material in place) at various locations around its periphery and at various times during the stamping process to properly control the draw-in of blank material into the die. Of course, how to do this is the challenge! This book describes in detail how this simple goal can be achieved through real-time control technology.

关键词：冲压；钣金；过程控制

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Deformation substructures control plastic, creep, fatigue and fracture properties of ductile crystalline solids. The key ingredient of a substructure is a spontaneously formed dislocation arrangement - dislocation structure. The present notes provide 5 different, complementary points of view which present the dislocation structure formation as a multi scale phenomenon: (ⅰ) The basic concepts of dislocation theory and plasticity of single crystals and polycrystals (Section 2). (ⅱ) A "gallery" of commented pictures of dislocation structures as seen by a transmission electron microscope (Section 3). (ⅲ) Discrete dislocation dynamics (Section 4). (ⅳ) An attempt to formulate statistics of dislocations as a transition from discrete dislocation dynamics to continuum crystal plasticity capable of modeling dislocation structure formation (Section 5). (ⅴ) Two continuous models of dislocation structure formation: one dimensional model simulating a formation of vein structure and its transformation into a ladder structure of a persistent slip band (Section 6.1), and a model of misoriented dislocation cells (Section 6.2).

关键词：变形子控制；韧性结晶固体胶；静脉结构

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This chapter introduces a digital image processing algorithm to detect the obstacle in the path and according to the position of the obstacle, the speed of Autonomous Robotic Vehicle is controlled through PID based Speed control module. The camera mounted on Autonomous Robotic Vehicle captures image in such a way that the obstacle in image and actual vehicle position keep some distance to avoid collision. Based on the computed obstacle size, the vehicle actions are controlled. The streaming of the images of the path is done and each image is analysed through MATLAB Simulink based Video Processing Module. The control actions are taken based on the PID constants computed through MATLAB Simulink modules.

关键词：自主机器人车辆（ARV）；数字图像处理；速度控制

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In this chapter, a new technique for multivariable closed-loop identification is presented. On the basis of process input and output data in the control loops, the process frequency-response matrix is estimated with signal decomposition and frequency spectrum analysis, and then a transform-function matrix is identified by least square method. The required input and output data are obtained while the processes are still in normal closed-loop operation. The closed-loop identification is applied to the boiler-turbine coordinated control system of power unit. Simulation example is given to show both effectiveness and accuracy of the identification method for boiler-turbine unit.

关键词：闭环辨识；频率响应；多变量系统；锅炉

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