This report describes the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of several advanced collision-avoidance technologies (ACATs) and presents an assessment of the effect of each technology on traffic safety. The report covers only ACATs for light-duty vehicles. The literature reviewed is primarily restricted to English language publications from the last ten years (2003 to 2013). The technologies included in the assessment address vehicle instability (electronic stability control); forward impact collisions (forward collision warning, autonomous emergency braking); and crashes related to lane/road departure (lane departure warning and prevention, blind spot detection). The methodologies and data used to evaluate ACAT effectiveness are also discussed. Data on the penetration of the technologies into the light-duty fleet are also presented. Overall, the systems reviewed here were estimated to be substantially effective in reducing their target crash types. The studies reviewed had a range of estimated reductions, and in some cases the differences were fairly substantial. However, even the lower-bound estimates are significant in most cases. Most studies relied on simulation or limited field operational tests to evaluate effectiveness.

关键词：事故减少；先进的防碰撞技术（简称ACATS）；防撞

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This chapter considers sliding mode control of nonlinear discrete time systems with matching perturbations. The nonlinear sliding mode controller, whose parameters assure the closed-loop system stable, is designed in order to drive the state trajectories toward to a small bounded region. The controller is approximated by a polynomial equation in current control term u(k) according to Taylor series expansion. The algebraic solutions can be obtained by resolving a polynomial equation in the latest control term u(k). The integrated procedure provides a straightforward methodology to apply sliding mode control design technique for nonlinear systems. The simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词：非线性离散时间系统；非线性控制器；滑模控制

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利用定容容器模拟增压发动机缸内高温高压条件,利用高速摄像机观察二甲醚喷雾,探讨了喷射压力对喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾蒸发等喷雾发展过程的影响规律。结果表明:在喷射初期喷雾贯穿距离与喷射时间成正比关系,在喷射后期,环境气体卷入喷雾中,喷雾贯穿距离与喷射时间平方根成正比关系;二甲醚燃料液态喷雾贯穿距离相对于气态来说非常短,DME液态喷雾贯穿距离基本不随时间的增加而增长。

关键词：二甲醚；喷雾贯穿距；燃油雾化；喷射压力

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在所建整车七自由度模型的基础上,深入分析了电子稳定程序(ESP)对电动助力转向系统(EPS)工作模式的影响,设计了非线性滑模控制器,并计算出整车横摆运动所需的稳定控制力参考值,运用功能分配的方法对稳定控制力进行合力动态分配,同时考虑在低附着系数路面汽车车轮自回正力矩的严重缺失,从而提出基于ESP作用的回正力矩补偿控制策略,对EPS的工作模式进行修正。硬件在环仿真和软件仿真的结果表明,提出的控制策略不仅改善了转向系统的回正性能,而且能够使车辆快速、准确地恢复到稳定行驶的状态,提高了其操纵稳定性。

关键词：电动助力转向；电子稳定程序；功能分配；回正力矩；硬件在环仿真

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H_2 and H_∞ optimal control are two important breakthroughs in modern robust control. In recent years, the H_2 and H_∞ controller design techniques have gained a lot of research attention. Both have strong theoretical basis and are efficient algorithms for synthesizing optimal controllers. The performance of H_2 robust controller is useful to handle stochastic aspects such as measurement noise and capture the control cost. In the robust H_2 approach, the controller is designed to minimize an upper bound on the worst case H_2 norm for a range of admissible plant perturbations. When a model under analysis is applied with H_2 robust controller, the closed loop system will have a good dynamic system performance, but it has poor robustness for the external disturbances of the uncertain system model. The performance of H_∞ is convenient to enforce robustness to model uncertainty, but it is based on compromising system performance. Their combination, the mixed H_2/H_∞ allows intuitive quadratic performance specifications of the H_2 synthesis with robust stability requirements specifications expressed by the H_∞ synthesis. In time domain aspects, satisfactory time response and closed loop damping can often be achieved by enforcing the closed loop poles into a predetermined region of the left half plane. Combining these requirements to form so-called mixed H_2/H_∞ design with regional pole placement constraints allows for more flexible and accurate specification of closed-loop behavior. This chapter introduces the work of design of improved LMI-based robust output feedback controller and related simulations.

关键词：线性矩阵不等式（LMI）；电力系统稳定器（PSS）；鲁棒控制

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In this chapter, the problem of approximate linearization of affine nonlinear control systems by a static state feedback is considered. First of all, we propose an analytical method, based on the development into generalized Taylor series expansions and the Kronecker product tools, in order to simplify the complex implementation of the input-state feedback linearization formalism. Next, to improve the synthesized polynomial feedback control, the genetic algorithm, as an optimization method, is used. Finally, the new approach presented in this work is applied to investigate the control problem of a chemical reactor. Moreover, we prove that the controlled process is locally asymptotically stable in a wide region around the operating point, in the Lyapunov sense.

关键词：反馈线性化；多项式非线性控制；优化程序

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Force estimation is one of the most important techniques in the robot control application. In this research, acceleration sensor based load-side disturbance observer (ALDOB) is proposed and developed by integrating an acceleration sensor on the load side and the optical encoder on the motor side in order to estimate external force. The enhancement of the force estimation was found to increase. Good estimation of force and robust force control could be obtained using ALDOB observer. The simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms. A flexible robot model was established to simulate the robot dynamic in force control, and the results agree with the analysis.

关键词：力控制；扰动观测；加速度传感器

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This measure guideline offers additional recommendations to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system designers for optimizing flexible duct, constant-volume HVAC systems using junction boxes within Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual D guidance (Rutkowski, H. Manual D -- Residential Duct Systems, 3rd edition, Version 1.00. Arlington, VA: Air Conditioning Contractors of America, 2009.). IBACOS used computational fluid dynamics software to explore and develop guidance to better control the airflow effects of factors that may impact pressure losses within junction boxes among various design configurations (Beach, R., Prahl, D., and Lange, R. CFD Analysis of Flexible Duct Junction Box Design. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, submitted for publication 2013). These recommendations can help to ensure that a system aligns more closely with the design and the occupants' comfort expectations. Specifically, the recommendations described herein show how to configure a rectangular box with four outlets, a triangular box with three outlets, metal wyes with two outlets, and multiple configurations for more than four outlets. Designers of HVAC systems, contractors who are fabricating junction boxes on site, and anyone using the ACCA Manual D process for sizing duct runs will find this measure guideline invaluable for more accurately minimizing pressure losses when using junction boxes with flexible ducts.

关键词：空气流量；计算流体动力学；配置

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研究通过试验辨识获得最优预瞄加速度驾驶员模型物理参数的方法。采用时域辨识方法确定模型传递函数,采用非线性最小二乘法确定传递函数中所包含的物理参数,利用已知目标函数优化预瞄时间和反应时间,针对仿真数据进行了辨识分析。结果表明,该方法对驾驶员模型物理参数的辨识具有良好的效果。

关键词：驾驶员模型；最优预瞄加速度；参数辨识

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The synthesis and physical properties of new silicon-containing polyfunctional cyanate ester monomers tris(4-cyanatophenyl)methylsilane and tetrakis(4-cyanatophenyl)silane, as well as polycyanurate networks formed from these monomers are reported. The higher cross-linking functionality compared to di(cyanate ester) monomers enables much higher ultimate glass transition temperatures to be obtained as a result of thermal cyclotrimerization. The ability to reach complete conversion is greatly enhanced by cocure of the new monomers with di(cyanate ester) monomers such as 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane (LECy). The presence of silicon in these polycyanurate networks imparts improved thermochemical stability in air compared to carbon-containing analogs in cases where the thermochemical performance in air is significantly worse than under nitrogen. The water uptake in the silicon-containing networks examined is 4 - 6 wt% after 96 hours of immersion at 85 degrees C, considerably higher than both carbon-containing and/or di(cyanate ester) analogs.

关键词：固化动力学；固化；氰酸酯；氰酸酯

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