顶装焦整体性能要优于捣固焦。顶装炼焦与捣固炼焦相比，对入炉煤水分、粒度要求不严格，在装煤操作、焦炉机械、装煤环保、炉体寿命等方面优势比较明显，唯一劣势就是成本较高。而且顶装焦的机械性能和热态性能要优于捣固焦，比较适合大型高炉。

Needle coke industry is a primary raw material that finds its significant application in the production of steel, aluminum, stainless steel, silicon metals, and some other ferrous as well as non-ferrous metals. Needle coke also finds its key applications in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries that are in high demand in the automotive industry. Petroleum needle coke is mainly preferred by steel and battery manufacturers. This is because the battery and steel manufacturers working on the EAF technique only work on high-quality needle coke, ultra-high purity (UHP) for the production of lithium-ion battery anodes, and graphite electrodes. The growth of the needle coke market can be attributed to a steady surge in demand for lithium-ion battery anodes to be used in lithium-ion batteries coupled with high demand for graphite electrodes across the steel industry. The steel industry witnessed a growth rate of approximately 4% in 2018 in terms of production as compared to the previous year. Along with this, the share of electric arc furnace (EAF) route of steel production is increasing as compared to that of BOF, and this is further expected to provide impetus to the demand for graphite electrodes, thus influencing the growth of global needle coke market. The needle coke market is a very concentrated market consisting of approximately ten giant players. GrafTech International Ltd. and Phillips 66 Company are the leading manufacturers active in the needle coke market.

煤价上涨后维持高位，年初以来均价虽然整体弱于去年，但当前港口煤价已高于去年同期，处于边际改善过程中，业绩预期存在向上修正空间。尽管板块短期跑输指数，但优质公司估值提升逻辑并未破坏，继续看好龙头公司反弹动力。

全球疫情对原油需求的边际影响快速减弱，炼厂开工率普遍回升，石油产品库存创历史新高，但增速减缓；原油库存量低于市场预期。预计三季度油价提前回升到50 美元附近。

The first flight, which used blended biofuel, began in 2008 and as of March 2019, more than 150,000 flights have used biofuels. Only five airports have regular biofuel distribution till March 2019 (Bergen, Brisbane, Los Angeles, Oslo, and Stockholm), with others offering occasional supply. To cut CO2 emissions by half, by 2050, relative to 2005 levels, and achieve the goal of carbon-neutral growth, the global airline industry, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have announced to initiate the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), from 2021. Renewable aviation fuel (RAF) produces up to 85% less CO2 over its lifecycle and has the potential to reduce the dependence on traditional aviation fuel. CORSIA is estimated to mitigate around 2.5 billion metric ton of CO2, between 2021 and 2035. Renewable aviation fuel is expected to play a significant role in achieving the industr y’s long-term emissions reduction goal. The market is driven by the strict emission regulations laid on aircraft emissions, by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As of 2018, around 150,000 commercial flights have successfully flown on biofuels blends, and several major airlines have committed to the long-term RAF purchase agreement. Further, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) has set a goal of reaching 1 billion passengers on flights, fueled by sustainable aviation biofuels, by 2025. The major factor restraining the market includes the high cost of production of renewable aviation fuel. Fuel cost account for a significant share of the total operating expenses of an airline company (30%). Hence, high fuel costs increase the operating cost for an airline company, by a considerable amount.

2020 年以来，国际油价在产油国联盟的恶性竞争及疫情影响下大幅暴跌。截止06 月29 日，布伦特原油期货结算价41.71 美元/桶，较年初下降24.54 美元/桶（-37.04%）；WTI 原油期货结算价为每桶39.70 美元/桶，较年初下降21.48 美元/桶（-35.11%）。展望后市，我们判断国际油价在需求回暖、协议减产等背景下供需边际改善有望持续，预计布伦特中枢在45 美元/桶。

6 月我国官方制造业PMI 50.9%，比上月上升0.3 个百分点。构成制造业PMI 的五大分类指标中，生产指数、新订单指数和供应商配送时间指数均高于临界点，原材料库存指数和从业人员指数均低于临界点。

The global coal tar market is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period (2017- 2024). Coal tar finds its significant applications in the production of carbon anodes, tire industry, and graphite electrodes, among others. Coal tar acts as a binder for the production of graphite electrodes, registering the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Before venturing into a forthcoming market, a firm must consider certain factors that allow the company to establish itself as an active player in the market. Henceforth, this chapter of the report provides an in-depth understanding of the direction in which the market is heading and the impacts of various factors on it. This segment of the report lists and analyzes several factors, such as market drivers, market restraints, and market opportunities, and their effect on the market.

Oil and gas remains as one of the most highly valued commodities in the energy sector. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on improving efficiency, and reducing downtime has been a priority for the oil and gas companies as their profits slashed since 2014, due to fluctuating oil prices. However, as concerns over the environmental impact of energy production and consumption persist, oil and gas companies are actively seeking innovative approaches to achieve their business goals, while reducing environmental impact. Additionally, the price of oil reduced by 40%, since hitting four-year highs of above USD 76 a barrel in October 2018, in the United States, nur turing concerns for oil and gas firms. Hence, companies in the oil and gas sector are experimenting with contemporary technologies to increase their efficiency and revenue. By leveraging AI in oil and gas operations, corporations can design algorithms to guide drills on land mass and ocean floor. AI is also been used to increase the safety of gas stations for preventive maintenance. But there have been growing incidences of fires at the gas stations. For instance, a gas station in Arkansas had an accidental fire. Such events can prove to be deadly and destroy gas stations and the area surrounding it. However, intelligent cameras based on AI can access the risk area and lessen the extent of potential damage.

Carbon prepregs are widely used in making high-strength composite structures. This can be used in varied products, ranging from an automotive component to the body of an aircraft. Among the various end-user industries, one of the attractive applications is manufacturing the components of a wind turbine. While the world has been harvesting energy from wind for several decades, the growing environmental concerns have driven the deployment of renewables, globally, in the last few years. The usage of wind power has become a noticeable contributor to the world’s energy mix. The exponential growth in the wind energy market is supported by depleting fossil fuel reserves, declining cost of wind power generation, growing sensitivity toward environmental issues, and support fromvarious governments around the world through financial incentives. The global wind power installations increased, from 14.86 GW in 2006 to 591 GW in 2018. The overall growth of the number of turbine installations during 2006-2018 was primarily driven by declining costs. This was due to the improved materials and design, and favorable government policies for wind power in major countries using wind energy, such as China, the United States, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and India.