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4371.惯性传感器表征惯性导航与人体运动跟踪应用
[计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业] [2014-02-23]
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors are commonly used in applications such as inertial navigation and human motion tracking. These inertial sensors provide three-dimensional (3D) orientation, acceleration, rate of turn, and magnetic field information. Manufacturers specify both static and dynamic accuracy for the 3D orientation output of MEMS inertial sensors. The dynamic accuracy is in the form of a root-mean-square (RMS) error and is only valid for certain motions, which are not specified. In this thesis, an investigation of the dynamic accuracy of the Xsens Motion Tracker (MTx) inertial sensor was conducted. The yaw or heading dynamic accuracy of the Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor also was investigated. A pendulum test apparatus from a previous work was used to test the MTx and GX3. An encoder is installed to the pendulum axis of rotation and provides the reference data needed to calculate the dynamic accuracy of the MTx and GX3. After a series of motion tests, it was concluded that the MTx was within manufacturer specifications for static accuracy but not for dynamic accuracy. More specifically, the heading or yaw accuracy of the MTx and GX3 did not meet manufacturer specifications under the testing motions chosen in this study.
关键词：光机电；微机电系统(MEMS)；惯性传感器；惯性导航；人体运动
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4372.氩相对导航传感器套件在模拟飞行条件下的测量性能
[铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业] [2014-02-23]
Argon is a flight-ready sensor suite with two visual cameras, a flash LIDAR, an on- board flight computer, and associated electronics. Argon was designed to provide sensing capabilities for relative navigation during proximity, rendezvous, and docking operations between spacecraft. A rigorous ground test campaign assessed the performance capability of the Argon navigation suite to measure the relative pose of high-fidelity satellite mock-ups during a variety of simulated rendezvous and proximity maneuvers facilitated by robot manipulators in a variety of lighting conditions representative of the orbital environment. A brief description of the Argon suite and test setup are given as well as an analysis of the performance of the system in simulated proximity and rendezvous operations.
关键词：光机电；传感器；模拟飞行；性能测量
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4373.在无线传感器网络利用多目标进化算法设计高能效解决方案以达到数据压缩和节点定位
[信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业] [2014-02-23]
Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology promises to have a high potential to tackle environmental challenges and to monitor and reduce energy and greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, WSNs have already been successfully employed in applications such as intelligent buildings, smart grids and energy control systems, transportation and logistics, and precision agriculture. All these applications generally require the exchange of a large amount of data and the localization of the sensor nodes. Both these two tasks can be particularly energy-hungry. Since sensor nodes are typically powered by small batteries, appropriate energy saving strategies have to be employed so as to prolong the lifetime of the WSNs and to make their use attractive and effective. To this aim, the study of data compression algorithms suitable for the reduced storage and computational resources of a sensor node, and the exploration of node localization techniques aimed at estimating the positions of all sensor nodes of a WSN from the knowledge of the exact locations of a restricted number of these nodes, have attracted a large interest in the last years. In this chapter, we discuss how multi-objective evolutionary algorithms can successfully be exploited to generate energy-aware data compressors and to solve the node localization problem. Simulation results show that, in both the tasks, the solutions produced by the evolutionary processes outperform the most interesting approaches recently proposed in the literature.
关键词：高效节能；数据压缩；节点定位；无线传感网络
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4374.可辨识的多基于模型的故障检测和鉴定偏置型执行器传感器故障
[计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业] [2014-02-23]
This paper explores a class of multiple-model-based fault detection and identification (FDI) methods for bias-type faults in actuators and sensors. These methods employ banks of Kalman-Bucy filters to detect the faults, determine the fault pattern, and estimate the fault values, wherein each Kalman-Bucy filter is tuned to a different failure pattern. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for identifiability of actuator faults, sensor faults, and simultaneous actuator and sensor faults. It is shown that FDI of simultaneous actuator and sensor faults is not possible using these methods when all sensors have biases.
关键词：光机电；传感器；故障检测；偏置型
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4375.西北节能人造房工程规范发展
[建筑业] [2014-02-23]
The Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and Northwest Energy Works, the current Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Housing Program (NEEM) administrator, collaborated to conduct research on new specifications that would improve on the energy requirements of a NEEM home. The team also evaluated energy savings that would result from the new specifications. In its role as administrator, NEEM administers the technical specs, performs research and engineering analysis, implements ongoing construction quality management procedures, and maintains a central database with home tracking. For this project, researchers asked three questions: 1) Which measures could be built into a NEEM home to achieve a 50reduction in space conditioning, lighting, and water heating energy use, compared with usage levels resulting from the current specifications. 2) What are the challenges in building a high performance manufactured home (HPMH). 3) What are the modeled energy savings of an HPMH.
关键词：高效节能、手机之家、建筑、暖通空调系统、照明系统、研究项目、规格、水加热
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4376.制冷剂的节能存储与传递
[化学原料和化学制品制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-02-23]
Cryogenics is globally linked to energy generation, storage, and usage. Thermal insulation systems research and development is an enabling part of NASA's technology goals for Space Launch and Exploration. New thermal testing methodologies and materials are being transferred to industry for a wide range of commercial applications.
关键词：高效节能；低温液体；推进剂转移；低温火箭推进剂；低温液体储存
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4377.以传感器为基础的气动伺服弹性控制
[计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业] [2014-02-23]
Flight systems operating new performance and stability limits require continuous, robust autonomy through real-time performance-based measurements.
关键词：光机电；传感器；气动伺服弹性；弹性控制；飞行控制
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4378.以数据为中心的系统规模-Workload-Driven的大型设计和评价
[信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业] [2014-02-22]
Large-scale data-centric systems help organizations store, manipulate, and derivevalue from large volumes of data. They consist of distributed components spread acrossa scalable number of connected machines and involve complex software/hardware stackswith multiple semantic layers. These systems help organizations solve established prob-lems involving large amounts of data, while catalyzing new, data-driven businesses such assearch engines, social networks, and cloud computing and data storage service providers.The complexity, diversity, scale, and rapid evolution of large-scale data-centric systemsmake it challenging to develop intuition about these systems, gain operational expe-rience, and improve performance. It is an important research problem to develop a method to design and evaluate such systems based on the empirical behavior of the tar-geted workloads. Using an unprecedented collection of nine industrial workload tracesof business-critical large-scale data-centric systems, we develop a workload-driven designand evaluation method for these systems and apply the method to address previouslyunsolved design problems.
关键词：以数据化为中心；大规模系统
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4379.密西根湖鲟的修复策略
[水利、环境和公共设施管理业,农、林、牧、渔业] [2014-02-22]
Substantial population declines since the 1800s led the State of Michigan to list lake sturgeon as a threatened species. The primary causes of the decline of lake sturgeon are insufficient recruitment due to habitat loss and degradation, often caused by dams and poor spawning habitat quality, and excess mortality on adults through fishing. This document provides guidance for the management of lake sturgeon with the goal of eventually rehabilitating this species to the point of removal from the threatened species list and to levels that provide productive and unique fishery opportunities. The primary goals for lake sturgeon are to: (1) conserve populations that are currently self-sustaining; and (2) rehabilitate depressed populations to the point that they are self-sustaining at a higher level of abundance. Currently, there are 24 lake sturgeon populations as distinguished by major watersheds in Michigan waters: two in the Lake Superior drainage, 11 in the Lake Michigan drainage, nine in the Lake Huron drainage, and two in the Lake Erie/Lake St. Clair complex. Of these 24 populations, only five are large in size and three of these are considered to be abundant and stable enough to support harvest fisheries. Among the remaining 19 populations, 12 are below the minimum viable population size (80 adults) and are at high risk of extirpation due to random factors. Four populations are classified as small in size (80200 adults) and are at a high risk of declining to below the minimum viable population size. Three populations are classified as medium in size (200750 adults).
关键词：修复计划；密西根；渔业；物种
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4380.Reaction-Diusion系统复杂的领域的一个稳定的非负不变的数值解算法
[信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业] [2014-02-22]
We present a Cartesian grid nite di erence numerical method for solving a system ofreaction-di usion initial boundary value problems with Neumann type boundary conditions.The method utilizes adaptive time-stepping, which guarantees stability and non-negativityof the solutions. The latter property is critical for models in biology where solutions rep-resent physical measurements such as concentration. The level set representation of theboundary enables us to handle domains with complicated geometry with ease. We pro-vide numerical validation of our method on synthetic and biological examples. Empiricaltests demonstrate second order convergence rate in the L1- and L2-norms, as well as in theL1-norm for many cases.
关键词：扩散系统；非负变量算法；数值方法求解系统
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