2023H1，按照中信一级行业分类，通信行业 128 家上市公司合计营收 1.26万亿元，同比增长 6.34%，合计归母净利润为 1171亿元，同比增长 8.99%。营收与归母净利润稳步增长，主要来源于头部企业的带动作用，三大运营商因自身业务成熟，且营收增长体量较大，随着 5G 带动 ARPU 提升，云计算及产业数字化布局逐渐深入，整体营利能力保持稳定增长。

光模块的应用场景主要分为两大领域：4G/5G 无线网络、固定宽带 FTTX、传输与数通网络等为代表的电信领域；承载 AR/VR、人工智能、元宇宙等应用的数据 中心领域。这两大应用场景的规模增速是影响光模块需求景气度的核心指标。

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

The equipment described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the equipment from other similar equipment. The equipment descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each equipment is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for equipment are listed below

Barnes Reports' Global Manufacturing & Makets report series provide estimates of the size and characteristics of the largest equipment, materials and consumables by manufacturing industries in the largest 140 global countries. These estimates are produced by a proprietary economic model that is based on a number of sources and factors

在2021 TESLA AI DAY将引入Transformer进行大规模的无监督学习。2022年后国内公司跟进。特斯拉从安装在汽车周围的八个摄像头的视频中用传统的ResNet提取图像特征，并使用Transformer、CNN、3D卷积中 的一种或者多种组合完成跨时间的图像融合，实现基于2D图像形成具有3D信息输出。毫末智行的AI团队正在逐步将基于Transformer的感知算法应用到实际的道路感知问题，如车道线检测、障碍物检测、可行驶区域分割、红绿灯检测&识别、道路交通标志检测、点云检测&分割等。

板块整体营收规模小幅上升，盈利能力略有下跌：对16家工业气体重点公司进行统计，2023年H1营收295亿元，同比增长4%；归母净利润32亿元，同比下跌0.1%。受到下游景气度影响，空气气体以及特种气体价格均出现下滑，上年同期稀有气体价格基数较高，导致板块增速有所放缓，但是由于大宗气体有长协、特种气体体量较小，整体板块盈利能力受影响较小。

2023年上半年电子板块463家公司营业收入合计13512亿元，同比减少 7.4%；归母净利润合计456亿元，同比减少 46.3%。分季度看，地缘政治及宏观经济形势的影响仍在继续，下游需求依旧低迷，库存高企带来供需错配，造成库存去化过程中产品价格承压，拖累电子行业整体业绩，盈利能力承压，但是部分子板块供 需状态已有所改善，营收、净利润同比降幅收窄。23Q2 电子板块营业收入合计7025亿元，同比减少 6.0%；归母净利润合计284亿元，同比减少 37.0%。盈利能力继续修复，毛利率为 15.3%，环比提升 1.3pcts，期间费用率 10.6%，环比减少 1.9pcts，研发费用率 5.8%，环比减少 0.2pcts，净利率 3.9%，环比提升1.7pcts。