国铁与城市轨道交通线路间的过轨运营可减少乘客换乘，降低换乘站运营组织压力，改善轨道交通运营服务质量和安全性；但将导致土建投资成本增加。本文针对以上特性，提出了国铁与城市轨道交通过轨运营下社会总效用的计算方法。案例结果表明：过轨运营下，乘客出行成本减少的幅度大于投资成本增加的幅度，社会总效用为+19.7亿元，说明适合采用过轨运营。根据过轨运营效果的影响大小排序，分别为乘客平均换乘时间、客流增长率和换乘客流比例。同时，换乘客流比例越大、客流年增长率越大，乘客平均换乘时间越长时，过轨运营越合适。

本文概述了德国的交通情况及其基础设施规划体系，并详细介绍了最新版规划《2030年德国联邦交通基础设施规划》的主要内容、目标与策略、未来交通发展的重点以及制定该规划所采用的综合经济评估方法和模型。

为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于加强物流等基础设施网络建设的决策部署，科学推进国家物流枢纽布局和建设，2019年1月16日，国家发展和改革委与交通运输部共同发布《国家物流枢纽布局和建设规划》(发改经贸〔2018〕1886号文)（以下简称《规划》)。

中华人民共和国交通运输部于2018年12月6日新版《船舶大气污染物排放控制区实施方案》将于2019年1月1日起正式实施，我国沿海和内河主要通航水域将全面纳入排放控制管理，降低船舶硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和挥发性有机物等大气污染物的排放，持续改善沿海和内河港口城市空气质量。

本报告定义的在线旅游市场指服务提供商通过互联网或呼叫中心 ，以线上 或线下多种支付形式 ，为用户提供交通 、 住宿 、度假旅游等产品的综合信息检索 、 咨询与预订服务 ，从而形成的市场 。本报 告中的在线旅游市场包括交通 、在线住宿 、在线度假旅游三个细分市场 。

Road transport accounts for nearly all the freight movement around Kenya, with rail and air transport accounting for only a small proportion of the mix. This dominance is likely to become more marked over time as oil prices remain low and investment in infrastructure goes some way to reducing congestion and increasing efficiency. The role of air and rail will diminish slightly in the country over the next few years, despite some investment leading to growth in the two sectors. With much of the country's trade carried out with neighbouring African territories, roads are the most efficient way of cross-border travel. Key trade indicators, such as agricultural products, manufactured goods and raw materials, are all set to see growth in the medium term, which will account for growth in the demand for road transport.

Beverage packaging plays a key role in beverage industry owing to its function in both logistics and marketing channels. It acts as a merchandising tool during the point of sale of beverages. Beverage packaging is ideally preferred by the beverage manufacturer in order to prevent leakage, chemical deterioration, and alteration in the flavor of the products. Furthermore, packaging offers advantage of convenience in storage as well as usage of the beverages. The Nordic beverage packaging market has been segmented based on four parameters including product, material, application, and country. In terms of product, the market has been segmented into cans, bottle, jars, pouches, cartons, and others. Others include cups, bowls, stick packs, and sachets. These products are used for the packaging of various beverage products such as carbonated drinks, non-carbonated drinks, alcohol, and beverage powders such as coffee.

国家对于铁路线网规划一直稳步推进，到2017年底，随着石济高铁的开通运营，“四纵四横”中的最后一横已完全打通。在不

到十年的时间里，国内高铁网络建设已经实现2008年修订的中长期铁路网规划中的主要任务，向着新的“八纵八横”目标迈进。