Medical device testing refers to the process of evaluating and verifying the safety, functionality, and performance of medical devices to ensure they meet regulatory standards and industry requirements. This involves various tests, such as biocompatibility testing, electrical safety testing, software validation, and sterilization validation, to confirm that the device is safe for use, performs as intended, and complies with local and international regulations before it reaches the market.

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that is caused by the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung tissues. It is the second-most common type of cancer globally and is the most common cause of cancer￾related deaths in the world. It is of two types, namely, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Location-based service (LBS) i s provided via location-enabled mobile devices. This software application uses real-time data to track the geographical location of the mobile user via geographic information system technology as well as the Internet.

Cannabis is a flowering plant of different species, such as cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis. There are a variety of cannabis plants, of which marijuana and hemp are the two most prominent ones. Cannabis contains two cannabinoids, namely, THC and CBD.

近年来，创新药板块在全球资本市场持续引发高度关注，多家行业内公司市值屡创新高，出海、授权交易频现，ADC、双抗、细胞治疗等前沿技术成为投资与产业热点。这一现象背后，不仅反映出市场对颠覆性疗法的强烈期待，也凸显出创新药作为科技与资本深度融合的领域所具备的独特吸引力。本文将从创新药的本质出发，系统剖析其高投入、高风险与高回报并存的产业特性，梳理政策、资本与市场需求的多轮驱动。

香港医疗行业：美国媒体称，特朗普正计划通过行政令限制来自中国的药品

In-vitro diagnostics (IVD) perform in-vitro tests on various biological samples to diagnose various medical conditions. They are used to perform diagnostic tests ranging from simple to sophisticated DNA technologies to cure or mitigate diseases. They are also used in the field of precision medicine to provide personalized treatments.

An intravenous (IV) fluid bag is a sterile container used to deliver fluids directly into the bloodstream of a patient during intravenous therapy. IV fluid bags are an important part of medical care, providing a sterile environment for the delivery of fluids, electrolyte levels, medications, and therapeutic agents.

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms. There are various types of infectious diseases that are caused by different organisms. Diseases caused by viruses include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), influenza, and hepatitis A, B, and C. Some of the diseases caused by bacteria include cholera, meningitis, pneumonia, anthrax, and tuberculosis. Fungal diseases include aspergillosis, candidiasis, and onychomycosis. Other organisms, such as parasites can cause cryptosporidiosis, amebiasis, and isosporiasis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease that is characterized by the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) inside the lungs. The cause of this condition is unknown (idiopathic). As a result of the fibrosis, the lungs become thickened and stiff, which leads to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen levels in the blood.