This report covers work done for the Director's Research Initiative (DSI) on Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Power Electronics (HPE) in which GaN devices are assessed in comparison to those fabricated from silicon carbide (SiC). We show that for low power applications (less than 1500 V) GaN diodes should have a lower on-resistance, and therefore less loss, than their SiC counterparts because the critical breakdown field and electron mobility are larger. We expect this will also be true for HPE GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) compared to SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Although a few GaN devices have been made that have properties that exceed those made from SiC, these devices cannot yet be manufactured. Our work suggests the dominant problem is contamination of the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) films by the carbon in the trimethyl gallium (TMGa). We suggest a better alternative is to grow the films by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), which requires that conducting GaN substrates be grown to reduce the on-resistance (RON-SP) for the back side diodes. We also show that dislocations appear to strongly affect diode properties such as the ideality factor, but their effect on the breakdown voltage appears to be a less significant problem than was previously thought.

关键词：电子信息；电子；氮化镓；晶体管；二级管

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This paper introduces a secure and simple way to set up initial Wi‐Fi configuration for “Internet of Things” based on Wi­‐Fi Protected Setup (WPS) protocol.The “Internet of Things”(IoT) refers to any electronics appliances that can be connected to the local Internet with an embedded Wi­‐Fi chip. To accomplish this configuration, the basic concept is to transfer PIN number, which is a unique number for each device, to smartphones by using out­‐of­‐band signal and extract it based on computer vision technology with a developed Android App.

关键词：电子信息；物联网；Wi-Fi配置；Wi-Fi保护设置

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A network can be considered as the physical resource for a communication system. This chapter introduces network security protocols. In Chapter 7, we introduced the basic mechanisms for establishing protected communications. In this chapter, we use these mechanisms to establish protected communications at a specific layer.As we said, a layer represents a communication protocol and is tasked with a specific function or a specific service. At each layer, a header conveys instructions on where to deliver the data and how to process it.

关键词：电子信息；网络安全；协议

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Light-emitting diode (LED) airfield lighting is increasingly used at airports in the United States and abroad. The objective of this synthesis study is to provide documentation about the performance of LED airfield lighting systems, and it is primarily intended for airfield operations managers and airport electrical maintenance staff. Information about LED lighting systems in terms of performance, cost, and other operations issues is not readily found in a single location. This report is an effort to gather information about airport experiences and feedback with LED airfield lighting. A literature review and a survey of individuals representing airports that have experience with LED airfield lighting were conducted. Individuals from 22 airports and aviation agencies agreed to participate in the survey and all 22 completed it (for a 100response rate). In general, the study findings confirm that LED airfield light fixtures reduce energy use and maintenance requirements, compared with conventional airfield lighting technologies. LED airfield lighting systems have been in use for a number of years, and most feedback on their visibility and performance is positive. Early compatibility issues appear to have been largely overcome through technological progress and through efforts of the FAA to address LED technologies in its guidance to airports.

关键词：电子信息；LED照明；机场；问题

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Part 2 of the project (this report) uses the conclusions from Part 1 as a point of departure to focus on two objectives: producing a more detailed and conservative assessment of the manufacturing process and providing a comparative LCA with other lighting products based on the improved manufacturing analysis and taking into consideration a wider range of environmental impacts. In this study, we first analyzed the manufacturing process for a white-light LED (based on a sapphire-substrate, blue-light, gallium-nitride LED pumping a yellow phosphor), to understand the impacts of the manufacturing process. We then conducted a comparative LCA, looking at the impacts associated with the Philips Master LEDbulb and comparing those to a CFL and an incandescent lamp. The comparison took into account the Philips Master LEDbulb as it is now in 2012 and then projected forward what it might be in 2017, accounting for some of the anticipated improvements in LED manufacturing, performance and driver electronics.

关键词：电子信息；LED；能源；生命周期评估

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The Forest County Potawatomi Community (FCPC or Tribe) owns a six-story parking facility adjacent to its Potawatomi Bingo Casino (the Casino) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as well as a valet parking facility under the Casino (collectively, the Parking Facility). The Parking Facility contained 205-watt metal halide-type lights that, for security reasons, operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Starting on August 30, 2010, the Tribe replaced these fixtures with 1,760 state-of-the-art, energy efficient 55-Watt LED lights. This project resulted in an immediate average reduction in monthly peak demand of 238 kW over the fourth quarter of 2010. The average reduction in monthly peak demand from October 1 through December 31, 2010 translates into a forecast annual electrical energy reduction of approximately 1,995,000 kWh or 47.3of the pre-project demand. This project was technically effective, economically feasible, and beneficial to the public not only in terms of long term energy efficiency and associated emissions reductions, but also in the short-term jobs provided for the S.E. Wisconsin region. The project was implemented, from approval by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to completion, in less than 6 months. The project utilized off-the-shelf proven technologies that were fabricated locally and installed by local trade contractors.

关键词：电子信息；LED；灯具；更换

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This report documents observations and results obtained from a lighting demonstration project conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy GATEWAY Solid-State Lighting (SSL) Technology Demonstration Program at the Smithsonain American Art Museum in Washington, DC. LED Lamp samples were tested in the museum workshop, temporarily installed in a gallery for feedback, and ultimately replaced all traditional incandescent lamps in one gallery of modernist art at the American Art Museum and partially replacing lamps in two galleries at the Musesum's Renwick Gallery. This report describes the selection and testing process, technology challenges, perceptions, economics, energy use, and mixed results of usign LED replacement lamps in art galleries housing national treasures.

关键词：电子信息；LED灯；改造；演示

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Micro-size light emitting diode (microLED) arrays based on III- nitride semiconductors have emerged as a promising technology for a wide range of applications. If InGaN microLED arrays can be integrated on to Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) substrates for active driving, these devices could play crucial roles in ultra-portable products such as next generation pico-projectors, as well as in emerging fields such as biophotonics and optogenetics. Here we present a demonstration of, and methods for, creating a high resolution solid-state self-emissive microdisplay based on InGaN/GaN semiconductors. An energy efficient active drive scheme is accomplished by integrating micro-emitter arrays with CMOS active matrix drivers that are flip- chip bonded together via indium metal bumps.

关键词：电子信息；LED；微型显示屏；氮化镓

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We analyze a multiagent model of a pre-paid telecommunication market and illustrate how the topology of the call graph among customers influences long-run market prices. Verifying the robustness of our results by controlling for telecommunication operators' levels of rationality and price elasticity of customer demand for airtime, we show that operators' rationality levels influence the market's rate of convergence to long-run price levels while the price elasticity of demand significantly influences the relation between on- and off-network prices. In particular, increasing the price elasticity of demand leads to more price differentiation among customers regardless of call graph topology.

关键词：电子信息；电信；运营商；定价策略

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This research explores whether LED roadway luminaire technologies are a viable future solution to providing roadway lighting. Roadway lighting enhances highway safety and traffic flow during limited lighting conditions. The purpose of this evaluation study is to determine the feasibility of transitioning from standard high pressure sodium (HPS) roadway luminaire to LED roadway luminaire on the MoDOT maintained highway system. This study includes performance evaluations, a feasibility analysis and a potential transition replacement program.

关键词：电子信息；LED灯；道路灯；照明；灯具；评价

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