A greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a systematic approach to account for the production and release of certain gases generated by an institution from various emission sources. The gases of interest are those that climate science has identified as related to anthropogenic global climate change. This document presents an inventory of GHGs generated during Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 by Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored entity, located in southeastern Idaho. In recent years, concern has grown about the environmental impact of GHGs. This, together with a desire to decrease harmful environmental impacts, would be enough to encourage the calculation of an inventory of the total GHGs generated at INL. Additionally, INL has a desire to see how its emissions compare with similar institutions, including other DOE national laboratories. Executive Order 13514 requires that federal agencies and institutions document reductions in GHG emissions.

关键词：大气；温室气体；全球变暖

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On April 15, 2011, NIOSH received an employee request regarding headaches, fatigue, weakness, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath, coughing, chronic sinusitis, sore throat, burning eyes, and difficulty concentrating in a water-damaged building. In June 2011, NIOSH investigators conducted a site visit. The majority of employees reported building-related symptoms. We found evidence of water damage inside the building and mold inside supply air ducts of two air handlers. Vacuumed carpet dust samples collected during the site visit showed a high burden of culturable fungi and bacteria. We provided a number of recommendations for remediation including addressing causes of water damage and replacing contaminated carpet and ductwork. Building management replaced two rooftop air handling units and some ductwork. The carpet was steam cleaned. Some building occupants continued to have symptoms, and the accounting company relocated to another building.

关键词：大气；室内空气；空气质量

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Nanoscale motion control is required for miniaturization and performance improvement of mechatronic systems. In motion control at nanometer scale, disturbances which do not affect the system at macro scale might greatly influence the control performance. The torque ripple caused by distortion of current is one of the most serious disturbance elements and should be eliminated. The compensation method of the distortion of the current has been researched, but conventional method can not be applied to control system in nanometer scale because short sampling time is needed. To address this problem, the method of the filter designing is proposed in this paper. The effect of the distortion of the current can be reduced by designing the filter in disturbance observer to have low-pass filter and band-stop filter. By using high-precision acceleration control based on proposed method, persistent oscillation can be suppressed, control accuracy can be improved. The validity of the proposal is comfirmed by experiments.

关键词：扰动观测；运动控制；纳米定位

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We consider distributed model predictive control (DMPC) where a sparse centralized optimization problem without a terminal cost or a terminal constraint set is solved in distributed fashion. Distribution of the optimization algorithm is enabled by dual decomposition. Gradient methods are usually used to solve the dual problem resulting from dual decomposition. However, gradient methods are known for their slow convergence rate, especially for ill-conditioned problems. This is not desirable in DMPC where the amount of communication should be kept as low as possible. In this chapter, we present a distributed optimization algorithm applied to solve optimization problems arising in DMPC that has significantly better convergence rate than the classical gradient method. This improved convergence rate is achieved by using accelerated gradient methods instead of standard gradient methods and by in a well-defined manner, incorporating Hessian information into the gradient-iterations. We also present a stopping condition to the distributed optimization algorithm that ensures feasibility, stability and closed loop performance of the DMPC-scheme, without using a stabilizing terminal cost or terminal constraint set.

关键词：分布式模型；DMPC；终端成本

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As airport operations continue to expand as infrastructure is modified to meet the growing demand for air travel, they need to balance their growth with environmental constraints. Although the main environmental concern continues to be noise, a more comprehensive approach needs to be implemented to better understand the effects of airport growth and changes. Indeed, the implementation of new aircraft and navigation technologies under the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will require both noise and emissions, as well as fuel burn, to be assessed in order to fully understand the effects from such complex new technologies.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气优化

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Freight movement is essential to the function of metropolitan areas, yet generates many externalities, including congestion, air pollution, noise, and greenhouse gas emissions. Metropolitan areas around the world are seeking ways to manage urban freight and its impacts. This paper presents the results from a comprehensive international survey of urban freight management strategies. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of alternative strategies and assess their transferability for U.S. implementation. Three categories were used to describe urban freight strategies: last-mile or first-mile deliveries and pickups, environmental mitigation, and trade node strategies. Many possibilities were found for the improved management of urban freight and its impacts; these possibilities included labeling and certification programs, incentive-based programs for voluntary emissions reduction, local land use and parking policies, and more stringent national fuel efficiency and emissions standards for heavy-duty trucks. More research is needed on intramet-ropolitan freight movements and on the effectiveness of existing policies and strategies.

关键词：大气；环境保护；保护意识

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Transport development bring a negative impact on human survival ecological environment, such as destruction of vegetation, air pollution, soil erosion and other environmental issues.The actuality proves that the use of tunnel development of underground space can improve traffic quality, while also protecting the environment.Therefore, tunnel engineering and utilization of undergrotmd space are to protect the ecological environment to be effective ways for realizing economic sustainable development of economy.In this paper, based on the practical application at home and abroad, for the big cities, mountain areas, river waters, the suitability evaluation and beneficial discussion about the transportation by using tunnel to protect the ecological environment are of great practical significance to protect and improve the ecological environment.

关键词：大气；生态环境；大气污染

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The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) operates the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and North Las Vegas Facility (NLVF). From 1951 through 1992, the NNSS was the continental testing location for U.S. nuclear weapons. The release of radionuclides from NNSS activities has been monitored since the initiation of atmospheric testing. Limitation to underground detonations after 1962 greatly reduced radiation exposure to the public surrounding the NNSS. After nuclear testing ended in 1992, NNSS radiation monitoring focused on detecting airborne radionuclides from historically contaminated soils. These radionuclides are derived from re-suspension of soil (primarily by wind) and emission of tritium-contaminated soil moisture through evapotranspiration. Low amounts of legacy-related tritium are also emitted to air at the NLVF, an NNSS support complex in North Las Vegas. To protect the public from harmful levels of man-made radiation, the Clean Air Act, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61 Subpart H) (CFR 2010a) limits the release of radioactivity from a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility to that which would cause 10 millirem per year (mrem/yr) effective dose equivalent to any member of the public. This limit does not include radiation unrelated to NNSS activities. Unrelated doses could come from naturally occurring radioactive elements, from sources such as medically or commercially used radionuclides, or from sources outside of the United States, such as the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan in 2011.

关键词：大气；有害气体；大气污染

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Recently, motion-copying system that can store and reproduce the human motion has been studied. The conventional system saves and loads the motion based on position and force information. However, stored position and force information can not be achieved in different environment. From the viewpoint of human's musculoskeletal function, the new control target of motion-loading system is introduced. The control target is motion power. Motion power is acquired from multiplication of force and velocity. To achieve the reproduction of the motion power, motion power-based motion-loading system is proposed. According to the experiments with different enviroments in loading phase, validity of the proposed method is shown.

关键词：运动控制；运动复制系统；双向控制

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The HHE Program evaluated ventilation controls at a hospital after latent tuberculosis infections were identified among hospital staff.

关键词：大气；空气流通；结核病预防

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