Prepared by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Office of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation (TRI), this report summarizes the accomplishments of fuel-cell-transit-bus-related research and demonstrations projects supported by FTA through 2011. It catalogs fuel cell electric bus research projects in the United States and describes their impact on commercialization of fuel cell power systems and electric propulsion for transit buses. Few barriers remain to reaching full commercialization of fuel cell electric buses. This report documents progress toward overcoming these barriers.

关键词：燃料电池；混合动力公交车；能源管理

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Significant federal involvement in solar building technology began with a series of acts of Congress passed in 1974; the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act; the Energy Reorganization Act; the Solar Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Act; and the Federal Non-Nuclear Energy Research and Development Act. These acts established programs for solar-related research and development in various fields. In 1977, the Department of Energy Reorganization Act established DOE and placed all solar energy programs under its authority. Over the years, the DOE Solar Buildings Technology Program has developed in response to the needs of the building industry and to opportunities opened up by new technology. From 1974 to 1980, a wide range of federal solar activities existed, including scientific research on many different fronts, demonstration projects, market research, design assistance, community programs, professional education, and public information. Since 1980, a smaller federal solar research and development program has emphasized new technology. The Solar Buildings Technology Program currently includes research and development programs in both active and passive solar; this overview focuses on activities in the latter.

关键词：太阳能建筑；被动式太阳能供暖系统；风险评估；太阳能空间加热

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With the rise of mobile (cellphones, tablets, notebooks, etc.) and broadband wirelinecommunications (Fiber to the Home), there are increasing demands being placed on transmittersfor moving data from device to device and around the world. Digital and analog fiber-opticcommunications have been the key technology to meet this challenge, ushering in ubiquitousInternet and cable TV over the past 20 years. At the physical layer, high-volume low-costmanufacturing of semiconductor optoelectronic devices has played an integral role in allowingfor deployment of high-speed communication links. In particular, vertical cavity surface emittinglasers (VCSEL) have revolutionized short reach communications and are poised to enter moremarkets due to their low cost, small size, and performance. However, VCSELs havedisadvantages such as limited modulation performance and large frequency chirp which limitsfiber transmission speed and distance, key parameters for many fiber-optic communicationsystems. Optical injection locking is one method to overcome these limitations without reengineeringthe VCSEL at the device level.

关键词：数字；模拟应用程序；数字和模拟光纤通信

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Security is not only relevant for the operation of the Smart Grid as a critical infrastructure but also very important for user acceptance. This especially affects domains like Smart Metering especially in the part of privacy issues. Many different standards exist in the IEC TC57 portfolio, among them standards especially designed for end-to-end security. Additionally international security standards like ISA 99 or the NERC CIP standards were developed and will be discussed here. Furthermore this chapter describes an overview on previous attacks in the energy domain, existing solutions and security standards, and also insights on security metrics and patterns.

关键词：智能电网；安全；标准；基础设施

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The most suitable way, to eliminate simultaneously all side effects connected with the application of power electronic converters in Smart Grid systems, is the compensation of the interference sources inside of the power electronic interface. In such situation the compensation of the interference sources prevents both the spreading of the interference over extensive circuits and the uncontrolled aggregation of the interference generated by a group of converters, facilitating development of the compatible system.

关键词：电力电子；接口；干扰源

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In July 2010, Stark State College (SSC), received Grant DE-EE0003229 from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Golden Field Office, for the development of the electrical and control systems, and mechanical commissioning of a unique 20kW scale high-pressure, high temperature, natural gas fueled Stack Block Test System (SBTS). SSC worked closely with subcontractor, Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems (US) Inc. (RRFCS) over a 13 month period to successfully complete the project activities. This system will be utilized by RRFCS for pre-commercial technology development and training of SSC student interns. In the longer term, when RRFCS is producing commercial products, SSC will utilize the equipment for workforce training.

关键词：燃料电池；电子阳极；阴极

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The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a major pathway activated by exposure to emotional stressors. We have demonstrated SNS hard-wiring in the form of sympathetic nerve fibers in 4T1 mammary tumors, a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. We established that 4T1 tumor cells do not express functional - or -adrenergic receptors (AR), the receptors activated by norepinephrine (NE), the neurotransmitter of the SNS. Yet, manipulation of sympathetic neurotransmission in vivo by chemical ablation of sympathetic nerves to deplete NE decreased F480+ tumor associated macrophages and reduced tumor weight. Furthermore, chronic treatment with desipramine (DMI), an antidepressant that elevates synaptic NE, increased 4T1 tumor growth, but not metastasis. DMI-induced tumor growth was not associated with increased tumor angiogenesis, and pro-tumor cytokines VEGF, IL-6, RANTES, and MIP-2 were reduced by DMI. To further dissect the tumor response to NE, mice were treated with selective AR agonists. The 2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) increased tumor growth and metastasis in the absence of alterations in VEGF, IL-6, RANTES, and MIP-2. Treatment with the -AR agonists isoproterenol and salmeterol did not significantly alter tumor growth/metastasis. In DMI- and DEX-treated mice, tumor collagen microstructure was uniquely altered in 4T1 tumors, suggesting a novel stromal-mediated mechanism whereby elevated NE and stimulation of AR may increase tumor growth. These results suggest that NE-induced tumor growth is mediated by 2-AR activation, but other AR pathways activated by elevated synaptic NE may modulate the tumor-promoting effect of 2-AR activation. Understanding how AR pathways regulate breast tumor pathogenesis will lead to new therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

关键词：治疗 交感神经

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This presentation discusses analysis results for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act early market fuel cell deployments and describes the objective of the project and its relevance to the Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program; NREL's analysis approach; technical accomplishments including publication of a fourth set of composite data products; and collaborations and future work.

关键词：燃料电池；氢；部署

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The goal of the project was to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of geopressured-geothermal power development by exploiting the extraordinarily high pressured hot brines know to exist at depth near the Sweet Lake oil and gas field in Cameron Parish, Louisiana. The existence of a geopressured-geothermal system at Sweet Lake was confirmed in the 1970's and 1980's as part of DOE's Geopressured-Geothermal Program. That program showed that the energy prices at the time could not support commercial production of the resource. Increased electricity prices and technological advancements over the last two decades, combined with the current national support for developing clean, renewable energy and the job creation it would entail, provided the justification necessary to reevaluate the commercial feasibility of power generation from this vast resource.

关键词：地热能；地热发电厂；天然气油田

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As we enter the era of mobile computing, high-quality and efficientnatural language applications become more and more important,which greatly facilitate intelligent human-computer interaction.Unfortunately, most high-quality natural language applicationsemploy large statistical models, which render them impractical forreal-time use. Meanwhile, Graphics Processor Units (GPUs) have become widely available, offering the opportunity to alleviate thisbottleneck by exploiting the fine-grained data parallelism found inthe natural language processing algorithms. In this report, weexamine the possibility of parallelizing two major natural languageapplications, natural language parsing and machine translation onGPUs. In natural language parsing, we explore the design space ofparallelizing the dynamic programming computations carried outby the CKY parsing algorithm. We use the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) programming model to re-implementa state-of-the-art parser, and compare its performance on tworecent GPUs with different architectural features.

关键词：自然语言应用程序；图像处理器；绘图处理器（GPUs）；自然语言解析

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