Modern nuclear facilities, such as reprocessing plants, present inspectors with significant challenges due in part to the sheer amount of equipment that must be safeguarded. The Sandia-developed and patented Knowledge Generation system was designed to automatically analyze large amounts of safeguards data to identify anomalous events of interest by comparing sensor readings with those expected from a process of interest and operator declarations. This paper describes a demonstration of the Knowledge Generation system using simulated accountability tank sensor data to represent part of a reprocessing plant. The demonstration indicated that Knowledge Generation has the potential to address several problems critical to the future of safeguards. It could be extended to facilitate remote inspections and trigger random inspections. Knowledge Generation could analyze data to establish trust hierarchies, to facilitate safeguards use of operator-owned sensors.

关键词：光机电；传感器；数据集；知识生成系统

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Emerging applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require real-time quality of service (QoS) guarantees to be provided by the network. Traditional analysis work only focuses on the first-order statistics, such as the mean and the variance of the QoS performance. However, due to unique characteristics of WSNs, a cross-layer probabilistic analysis of QoS performance is essential. In this dissertation, a comprehensive cross-layer probabilistic analysis framework is developed to investigate the probabilistic evaluation and optimization of QoS performance provided by WSNs. In this framework, the distributions of QoS performance metrics are derived, which are natural tools to discover the probabilities to achieve given QoS requirements. Compared to first-order statistics, the distribution of these metrics reveals the relationship between the performance of QoS-based operations and the probability to achieve the performance.

关键词：光机电；传感器；无线网络；QoS分析

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This report documents the idea or concept of operating an existing Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscopic sensor previously developed in the early-2000s under MEMS-Based Angular Rate Sensor (MBARS) and MicroControlled Array Sensors (mCAS). This report serves as documented evidence for future use of this open-sourced idea of the measurement of two-axis of linear acceleration from a previous sensor originally designed to operate as a single-axis rotation sensor.

关键词：光机电；传感器；硅绝缘体；微机电系统

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Soldiers who are exposed to explosions are at risk of suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since the causal relationship between a blast and TBI is poorly understood, it is critical to have sensors that can accurately quantify the blast dynamics and resulting wave propagation through a helmet and skull that are imparted onto and inside the brain. To help quantify the cause of TBI, it is important to record transient pressure data during a blast event. However,very few sensors feature the capabilities of tracking the dynamic pressure transients due to the rapid change of the pressure during blast events, while not interfering with the physical material layers or wave propagation. In order to measure the pressure transients efficiently, a pressure sensor should have a high resonant frequency and a high spatial resolution. This paper describes an ultra-fast fiber optic pressure sensor based on the Fabry-Perot principle for the application of measuring the rapid pressure changes in a blast event. A shock tube experiment performed in US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center has demonstrated that the resonant frequency of the sensor is 4.12 MHz, which is relatively close to the designed theoretical value of 4.113 MHz. Moreover, the experiment illustrated that the sensor has a rise time of 120 ns, which demonstrates that the sensor is capable of observing the dynamics of the pressure transient during a blast event.

关键词：光机电；传感器；超快速光纤；高炉事件

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This document provides guidelines for the selection of energy-efficient windows in new and existing residential construction in all US climate zones. It includes information on window products, their attributes and performance. It provides cost/benefit information on window energy savings as well as information on non-energy benefits such as thermal comfort and reduced HVAC demands. The document also provides information on energy impacts of design decisions such as window orientation, total glazing area and shading devices and conditions. Information on resources for proper window installation is included as well. This document is for builders, homeowners, designers and anyone making decisions about selecting energy efficient window. It is intended to complement other Building America information and efforts.

关键词：高效节能；住宅建筑；技术；节能窗

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The Forest County Potawatomi Community (FCPC or Tribe) owns a six-story parking facility adjacent to its Potawatomi Bingo Casino (the Casino) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as well as a valet parking facility under the Casino (collectively, the Parking Facility). The Parking Facility contained 205-watt metal halide-type lights that, for security reasons, operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Starting on August 30, 2010, the Tribe replaced these fixtures with 1,760 state-of-the-art, energy efficient 55-Watt LED lights. This project resulted in an immediate average reduction in monthly peak demand of 238 kW over the fourth quarter of 2010. The average reduction in monthly peak demand from October 1 through December 31, 2010 translates into a forecast annual electrical energy reduction of approximately 1,995,000 kWh or 47.3of the pre-project demand. This project was technically effective, economically feasible, and beneficial to the public not only in terms of long term energy efficiency and associated emissions reductions, but also in the short-term jobs provided for the S.E. Wisconsin region. The project was implemented, from approval by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to completion, in less than 6 months. The project utilized off-the-shelf proven technologies that were fabricated locally and installed by local trade contractors.

关键词：高效节能；照明系统；停车设施；发光二极管

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This X-File consolidates knowledge on technologies that were evaluated during the ExFOB process in close cooperation with the Commandant's Expeditionary Energy Office (E2O). These technologies have proven to reduce the logistic footprint of Marines operating from austere operating locations in Afghanistan. Knowledgeable employment of renewable energy technology currently available to the Marine Corps can reduce a unit's demand for outside logistical support as it conducts combat operations from austere and remote locations. Minimizing the logistical support to forward operating units can enhance the ability of the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) to function throughout the range of military operations.

关键词：高效节能；再生能源；节能技术

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Parker Precision Cooling Business Unit was awarded a Department of Energy grant (DE-EE0000412) to support the DOE - ITP goal of reducing industrial energy intensity and GHG emissions. The project proposed by Precision Cooling was to accelerate the development of a cooling technology for high heat generating electronics components. These components are specifically related to power electronics found in power drives focused on the inverter, converter and transformer modules. The proposed cooling system was expected to simultaneously remove heat from all three of the major modules listed above, while remaining dielectric under all operating conditions. Development of the cooling system to meet specific customers requirements and constraints not only required a robust system design, but also new components to support long system functionality. Components requiring further development and testing during this project included pumps, fluid couplings, cold plates and condensers. All four of these major categories of components are required in every Precision Cooling system. Not only was design a key area of focus, but the process for manufacturing these components had to be determined and proven through the system development. The Precision Cooling Business Unit identified a few key projects to be the focus of the DOE grant. The first key project was to develop a cooling system for low voltage industrial drives used for power conversion and inversion. These systems utilize insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) to complete switching at very high frequencies in a small amount of space. The use of IGBTs results in relatively high amounts of heat needing to be dissipated, or removed, from the electrical device efficiently. Water and air have been used for cooling these devices, but require the device to be de-rated at elevated ambient temperatures, because they do not have the thermal capacity of Parkers Vaporizable Dielectric Fluid (VDF) cooling system.

关键词：高效节能；电子设备；冷却；换热板；电力设备；晶体管

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The problem to be addressed in this project pertains to the monitoring and management of transportation infrastructural health through the use of fiber-optic sensing technology. In the project, we have demonstrated that the fiber-optic sensing technology is capable of offering superior performance and extensive capability to structural heath monitoring applications. We have conducted comprehensive performance evaluation for point and distributed fiber optic sensors aiming at the application for the long-span transportation infrastructural monitoring. In the research effort, validation of point and distributed fiber optic sensors is achieved through laboratory and field tests. A structural health monitoring system using a quasi-distributed sensor network and distributed sensors will be designed based on the results of this field test. The research team plans to collaborate with Caltrans engineers to conduct a field deployment test within the Southern California transportation infrastructure. The field-test data will be reviewed and analysed to obtain important information to justify fiber-optic sensing technology for future system installation. The prototype deployed in the selected section of the transportation infrastructure will continue to collect structural information for technology and design validation. A system design utilizing a fiber-optic sensor network used in the monitoring and management of transportation infrastructures will be proposed as the end of the research effort.

关键词：光机电；传感器；光纤；交通设施

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Many state departments of transportation have been collecting various traffic data through the Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR) and Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems as outlined in the Traffic Monitoring Guide (TMG) published by USDOT. A pooled fund study led by MnDOT was conducted in 2002 to determine traffic data editing procedures. It is challenging to identify potential problems associated with the collected data and ensure data quality. The WIM system itself presents difficulty in obtaining accurate data due to sensor characteristics, complex vehicle dynamics, and the pavement changes surrounding the sensor over time. To overcome these limitations, calibration procedures and other monitoring activities are essential to data reliability and accuracy. Current practice of WIM calibration procedures varies from organization to organization. This project aims to understand the characteristics of WIM measurements, identify different WIM operational modes, and develop mixture models for each operation period. Several statistical data analysis methodologies were explored to detect measurement drifts and support sensor calibration. A mixture modeling technique using Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and cumulative sum (CUSUM) methodologies were explored for data quality assurance. An adjusting CUSUM methodology was used to detect data anomaly. The results indicated that the adjusting CUSUM methodology was able to detect the sensor drifts. The CUSUM curves can trigger a potential drifting alert to the WIM manager. Further investigation was performed to compare the CUSUM deviation and the calibration adjustment. However, the analysis results did not indicate any relationship between the computed CUSUM deviation and the calibration adjustment.

关键词：光机电；传感器；校准；系统

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