The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing advanced passive thermal management technology to reduce the mass and improve the reliability of space fuel cell systems for the NASA Exploration program. The passive thermal management system relies on heat conduction within highly thermally conductive cooling plates to move the heat from the central portion of the cell stack out to the edges of the fuel cell stack. Using the passive approach eliminates the need for a coolant pump and other cooling loop components within the fuel cell system which reduces mass and improves overall system reliability. Previous development demonstrated the performance of suitable highly thermally conductive cooling plates and integrated heat exchanger technology to collect the heat from the cooling plates (Ref. 1). The next step in the development of this passive thermal approach was the demonstration of the control of the heat removal process and the demonstration of the passive thermal control technology in actual fuel cell stacks. Tests were run with a simulated fuel cell stack passive thermal management system outfitted with passive cooling plates, an integrated heat exchanger and two types of cooling flow control valves. The tests were run to demonstrate the controllability of the passive thermal control approach. Finally, successful demonstrations of passive thermal control technology were conducted with fuel cell stacks from two fuel cell stack vendors.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；冷却系统；传导传热；航空航天系统

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This program was undertaken to develop a microalloy-modified grade of standard carburizing steel that can successfully exploit the high temperature carburizing capabilities of current commercial low pressure (i.e. 'vacuum') carburizing systems.

关键词：钢铁；渗碳；算法；材料加工

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Extensive testing of the breadboard system was completed including baseline leak rate measurements. Several improvements were made to the system to permit stable, automated operation at 4 kilowatts, twice the previous power output, and the system was demonstrated at this power output. The first round of bench-top hydrogen recovery reactor media testing was completed. The supplier s procurement efforts for the final deliverable of the hermetically- sealed scroll compressors were underway.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；能量密度；燃油系统；高效节能

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In this work alkaline exchange membranes were prepared from the 3M perfluorinated ionomer by functionalization with two amine species that were further alkylated to quaternary ammonium cations. The methyl amine polymer was successfully quaternized to produce an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 0.72 meq g-1, while the isopropyl amine did not quaternize resulting a negligible IEC of 0.02 meq g-1. Membrane swelling under a range of humidity conditions was characterized before and after thermal annealing through small angle x-ray scattering.

关键词：资源与环境；燃料电池；离子交换；傅立叶变换

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This presentation describes an independent assessment of fuel cell durability status and discusses the project's relevance to the Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program; NREL's analysis approach; the FY12 technical accomplishments including the fourth annual publication of results; and project collaborations and future work.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；直接能量转换；耐久性评估

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Durability testing was performed on an external fuel processor (EFP) for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power plant. The EFP enables the SOFC to reach high system efficiency (electrical efficiency up to 60) using pipeline natural gas and eliminates the need for large quantities of bottled gases. LG Fuel Cell Systems Inc. (formerly known as Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems (US) Inc.) (LGFCS) is developing natural gas-fired SOFC power plants for stationary power applications. These power plants will greatly benefit the public by reducing the cost of electricity while reducing the amount of gaseous emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides compared to conventional power plants. The EFP uses pipeline natural gas and air to provide all the gas streams required by the SOFC power plant; specifically those needed for start-up, normal operation, and shutdown. It includes a natural gas desulfurizer, a synthesis-gas generator and a start-gas generator. The research in this project demonstrated that the EFP could meet its performance and durability targets. The data generated helped assess the impact of long-term operation on system performance and system hardware. The research also showed the negative impact of ambient weather (both hot and cold conditions) on system operation and performance.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；外部燃料处理器；固体氧化物

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A immune PID control algorithm based on classic PID is presented and used in automobile ABS system.Compared with the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm,the simulation result shows that the immune PID control algorithm has a shorter stabilization time,a smaller excess of system output,fewer response time and shorter braking distance,it is superior to the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm.The immune PID control algorithm has a higher application value.

关键词：汽车；防抱死制动系统；PID控制；免疫控制；滑动比率

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The primary objective of this effort is to demonstrate and validate citric acid as an alternative to nitric acid for the passivation of stainless steels.The primary objective of this effort is to demonstrate and validate citric acid as an alternative to nitric acid for the passivation of stainless steels.This project will use the results from that testing to determine what process parameters will be used in the preparation of test coupons. This Test Protocol contains the critical requirements and tests necessary to qualify citric acid as an alternative to nitric acid for use at KSC.

关键词：钢铁；柠檬酸；硝酸；不锈钢；氮氧化物；污染控制

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We investigated the activity and stability of n=(1, 2, 3) platinum layers supported on a number of rutile metal oxides (MO2; M=Ti, Sn, Ta, Nb, Hf and Zr). A suitable oxide support can alleviate the problem of carbon corrosion and platinum dissolution in Pt/C catalysts. Moreover, it can increase the activity of platinum if the interaction between the support and the metal is optimal. We found that both the activity and the stability depend on the number of platinum layers and, as expected, both converge toward platinum bulk values if the number of layers is increased. With use of a simple volcano curve for activity estimation, we found that the supported platinum layers could be active for the oxygen reduction reaction, with a few candidates possibly having an activity even greater than that of platinum. Furthermore, we established a correlation between stability and activity for supported platinum monolayers, which suggests that activity can be increased at the expense of stability and vice versa. Finally, the performance of the systems was evaluated against Pt(111) skins on Pt3X (X=Ni, Co, Fe, Ti, Sc and Y) alloys, which are the best catalysts known to date for the reaction.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；质子交换膜（PEM）；金属氧化物

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This presentation describes the results of the demonstration of a non-flow-through PEM fuel cell as part of a power system on the SCARAB rover at the NASA Glenn Research Center. A 16-cell non-flow-through fuel cell stack from Infinity Fuel Cell and Hydrogen, Inc. was incorporated into a power system designed to act as a range extender by providing power to the SCARAB rover s hotel loads. The power system, including the non-flow-through fuel cell technology, successfully demonstrated its goal as a range extender by powering hotel loads on the SCARAB rover, making this demonstration the first to use the non-flow-through fuel cell technology on a mobile platform.

关键词：资源与环境；燃料电池；氢原子；负载（力）；利用技术

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