An optimum biomass fuel briquette was obtained with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as the major ingredients.Co-firing coal with biomass is a possible approach for power plant to curb the excessive emission of carbon dioxide.In this study,bio-briquette having 50％ coal and 50％ biomass which consisted of the ingredients of optimum biomass fuel briquette were studied in details.Comparison of the fuel properties,combustion characteristics and carbon dioxide emission between the optimum biomass fuel briquette and bio-briquette was made.

关键词：生物质能；生物型煤；共烧

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This project addressed the need for economical technology for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, specifically the conversion of pretreated hardwood to ethanol. The technology developed is a set of strains of the bacterium Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum and an associated fermentation process for pretreated hardwood. Tools for genetic engineering and analysis of the organism were developed, including a markerless mutation method, a complete genome sequence and a set of gene expression profiles that show the activity of its genes under a variety of conditions relevant to lignocellulose conversion. Improved strains were generated by selection and genetic engineering to be able to produce higher amounts of ethanol (up to 70 g/L) and to be able to better tolerate inhibitory compounds from pretreated hardwood. Analysis of these strains has generated useful insight into the genetic basis for desired properties of biofuel producing organisms. Fermentation conditions were tested and optimized to achieve ethanol production targets established in the original project proposal.

关键词：生物质能；生物燃料；乙醇；木质纤维素；发酵；糖化；杆菌属

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Steel sheet/aluminum foam/steel sheet sandwich structure have higher stiffness than aluminum sheet/aluminum foam/aluminum sheet sandwich.So in this study the aim is to manufacture steel/Al-foam core/steel sandwich panels by rolling of two steel-face sheet and Al-Si powders.The deformation of the rolled-piece,powder grains and the joining deformation of the composite interface are discussed and analyzed in this paper.SEM and EDS of the compound interface are investigated.It was concluded that a metallurgy bonding interface was formed by diffusion reaction and a brittle compound generated.

关键词：钢铁；泡沫铝三明治；轧制变形；界面结合

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To obtain fatigue design data of the train wheel steel,the fatigue tests were carried out for the steel of K type and B type train wheel separately,which fatigue limit was measured using the fluctuation method,the fatigue life of two kinds of wheel steels were tested using the grouping method at the three stress levels,two different materials and different structures have an influence on the fatigue properties of the wheels using reliability principle.The fatigue life distribution of the B type is scattered relatively.S-N curve equation and P-S-N curve equation of the two kinds of steel were calculated.The theoretical basis were put up for developing design standards and safety evaluation of the both wheel.

关键词：钢铁；疲劳可靠性；疲劳测验；火车车轮；概率

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This paper introduced the application of the loop on the hot strip mill.The loop mainly support the strip steel,form the loop variable which can adjust the dynamic speed of the mill,keep the pulling force of the strip steel between the framework,participate the speed control of the framework of the finishing rolling and the quality of the strip steel is ensured.

关键词：钢铁；回路；带钢

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A CHARMM molecular mechanics force field for lignin is derived. Parameteriza- tion is based on reproducing quantum mechanical data of model compounds. Partial atomic charges are derived by the examination of methoxybenzene: water interactions. Dihedral parameters are optimized by fitting to critical rotational potentials, and bonded parameters are obtained by optimizing vibrational frequencies and normal modes. The force field is validated by performing a molecular dynamics simulation of a crystal of a lignin fragment molecule and comparing simulation-derived structural features with experimental results. Together with the existing force field for polysaccharides, this work will enable full simulations of lignocellulose.

关键词：生物质能；纤维素；乙醇；生物质转化；分子动力学；仿真；木质纤维素生物质

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The researches of non-oriented silicon steel are mainly focused on the effect of main processing parameters on the microstructure and magnetic properties,but there have been few studied about its flow stress until now.In this paper,the hot deformation of non-oriented silicon steel 50A1300 is studied by thermal-mechanical simulation method.The hot deformation behavior of the steel is explored and the flow stress prediction of the steel is established based on a kind of BPA ANN.A piecewise method is proposed in this paper,and the prediction with this new method has good accuracy.

关键词：钢铁；热变形；流变应力；无取向硅钢；人工神经网络；反向传播算法

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The time-dependent inhomogeneous temperature distribution in steel plates during the cooling increases thermal-strains which,in turn,generate plastification and thus residual stresses.Moreover,phase transformation from the parent austenite phases into a product phase typically entails not only metallurgical strains but also accounts for transformation induced plasticity (TRIP),which again generates transformation related residual stresses.A unified material model that consisting of all relevant contributions to the total strain rate,i.e.,elastic,plastic,thermal,metallurgical and TRIP strain contributions could be built in this paper.

关键词：钢铁；钢板；冷却；相位变换；残留应力；材料模型

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UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, assembled a comprehensive team for a two-year project to demonstrate innovative methods for the stabilization of pyrolysis oil in accordance with DOE Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) DE-PS36-08GO98018, Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Stabilization. In collaboration with NREL, PNNL, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Pall Fuels and Chemicals, and Ensyn Corporation, UOP developed solutions to the key technical challenges outlined in the FOA. The UOP team proposed a multi-track technical approach for pyrolysis oil stabilization. Conceptually, methods for pyrolysis oil stabilization can be employed during one or both of two stages: (1) during the pyrolysis process (In Process); or (2) after condensation of the resulting vapor (Post-Process). Stabilization methods fall into two distinct classes: those that modify the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil, making it less reactive; and those that remove destabilizing components from the pyrolysis oil. During the project, the team investigated methods from both classes that were suitable for application in each stage of the pyrolysis process. The post processing stabilization effort performed at PNNL is described in this report.

关键词：生物质能；高温分解；热解油

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The melting-loss properties of specimens with aluminization and oxidation treatment and without treatment in liquid aluminum alloy of ADC 12 under rotation condition were evaluated by weight loss method.Sample surface conditions were observed by digital camera and microstructures of sample cross sections were observed by metallographic microscope after melting-loss test.Finally,the anti-melting-loss mechanism of oxide film under dynamic condition was clarified.The results show that the formed Fe3O4·Al2O3 film can improve dynamic melting-loss resistance due to isolating steel substrate from liquid aluminum.

关键词：钢铁；8407钢；室温硬质阳极化；熔损性

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