The development of a pressure/temperature multi-sensor based on a combination of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor technology, novel ceramic materials, high-temperature electronics, and advanced harsh-environment electronics packaging is discussed. The pressure/temperature multi-sensor enables unprecedented monitoring of propulsion, energy generation, and industrial systems. A multi-sensor approach will reduce control system weight and wiring complexity, design time, and cost. Multi-sensor control strategies do better than the single-sensor strategy on the basis of both to raise the accuracy and fault tolerance ability effectively. The resulting sensors and packaging can be manufactured at low cost and operate in corrosive environments, while measuring temperatures up to 2,552 deg. F (1,400 deg. C) with simultaneous pressure measurements up to 1,000 psi. The combination of a high-temperature, high-pressure-ratio compressor system, and adaptive engine technologies enables high thrust and efficiency.

关键词：传感器；自适应控制系统；航空发动机；微机电系统

查看摘要 索取原文[28页]

Fish passage conditions through a Kaplan turbine and spillway fish weir at Foster Dam, located on the South Santiam River in Linn County, Oregon, were evaluated by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, using Sensor Fish devices. The objective of the study was to describe and compare passage exposure conditions, identifying potential fish injury regions encountered during passage via specific routes. The investigation was performed in May 2012, concurrent with HI-Z balloon-tag studies by Normandeau Associates, Inc. Sensor Fish data were analyzed to characterize the passage exposure conditions through the spillway fish weir and turbine Unit 1 at Foster Dam at two forebay pool elevations (616 and 634 ft mean sea level (MSL)) and to estimate data relationships with live fish injury and mortality estimates. For the spillway fish weir evaluation, Sensor Fish and live fish were deployed through injection system piping mounted on the weir. The bottom of the injection pipe was at an elevation of approximately 614 ft during testing at the 616-ft MSL (low) forebay elevation and at 632 ft during the 634-ft MSL (high) forebay level tests. Two systems were useda 4-in. pipe for juvenile fish releases and an 8-in. pipe for adult releases at each elevation.

关键词：传感器；溢洪道；涡轮机；鱼道设施

查看摘要 索取原文[188页]

Physical protection systems have a widespread impact across the nuclear industry in securing facilities and making security systems more effective and robust. They play an integral role in nuclear safeguards, arms control, and trafficking of illicit goods (e.g., nuclear materials) across international borders. As an example, many challenges must be overcome in design and deployment of foreign border security systems such as lack of infrastructure, extreme environmental conditions, limited knowledge of terrain, insider threats, cultural resistance, distance/time for response, lack of equipment training, and ingenuity in adversary response/bypass. Successful security systems rely on an integrated system composed of multiple subsystems. A physical protection systems test bed has been constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory whose mission is to test systems in varied non-ideal terrain and environmental conditions for prolonged periods of time for specific deployment scenarios. This includes a complete assessment of a systems vulnerability of defeat. This test bed is composed of many unique sensors and subsystems, including wireless unattended ground sensors, a buried fiber-optic acoustic sensor, a lossy coaxial distributed sensor, wireless links, pan-tilt-zoom cameras, mobile power generation systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, and fiber-optic-fence intrusion detection systems.

关键词：传感器；入侵检测；核材料；物理保护装置；国际关系

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

This report describes a molecular biosensor that includes a lipid vesicle and housing wherein the vesicle is contained on orwithin the housing and where the housing has a portion capable of transmitting a force generated external to the housing to the vesicle. The biosensor detects the presence or absence of an event force, such as a blast or blunt force sufficient to produce a medical complication, such as traumatic brain injury.

关键词：传感器；光探测器；光子；组织（生物学）；创伤性脑损伤

查看摘要 索取原文[18页]

This presentation provides an overview of three software tools that were developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center to support the assessment of system health: the Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (ProDIMES), the Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4), and the Extended Testability Analysis (ETA) tool. Originally developed to support specific NASA projects in aeronautics and space, these software tools are currently available to U.S. citizens through the NASA Glenn Software Catalog. The ProDiMES software tool was developed to support a uniform comparison of propulsion gas path diagnostic methods. Methods published in the open literature are typically applied to dissimilar platforms with different levels of complexity. They often address different diagnostic problems and use inconsistent metrics for evaluating performance. As a result, it is difficult to perform a one-to-one comparison of the various diagnostic methods. ProDIMES solves this problem by serving as a theme problem to aid in propulsion gas path diagnostic technology development and evaluation. The overall goal is to provide a tool that will serve as an industry standard, and will truly facilitate the development and evaluation of significant Engine Health Management (EHM) capabilities. ProDiMES has been developed under a collaborative project of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) based on feedback provided by individuals within the aircraft engine health management community. The S4 software tool provides a framework that supports the optimal selection of sensors for health management assessments. S4 is structured to accommodate user defined applications, diagnostic systems, search techniques, and system requirements/constraints. One or more sensor suites that maximize this performance while meeting other user defined system requirements that are presumed to exist. S4 provides a systematic approach for evaluating combinations of sensors to determine the set or sets of sensors that optimally meet the performance goals and the constraints. It identifies optimal sensor suite solutions by utilizing a merit (i.e., cost) function with one of several available optimization approaches. As part of its analysis, S4 can expose fault conditions that are difficult to diagnose due to an incomplete diagnostic philosophy and/or a lack of sensors. S4 was originally developed and applied to liquid rocket engines. It was subsequently used to study the optimized selection of sensors for a simulation based aircraft engine diagnostic system. The ETA Tool is a software based analysis tool that augments the testability analysis and reporting capabilities of a commercial off the shelf (COTS) package. An initial diagnostic assessment is performed by the COTS software using a user developed, qualitative, directed graph model of the system being analyzed.

关键词：传感器；软件开发工具；故障检测；系统工程

查看摘要 索取原文[28页]

Fiber optic sensing is a rapidly developing emergent technology in which a number of systems are currently in development. Potential applications at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) include ballistic shock sensors, loading rate strain sensors, acoustic emission crack detectors, fiber laser vibrometers, velocity sensors for structural vibration, and others. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the fiber sensor technology, interferometric implementations, and the range of sensor system platforms that can be applied to improve ARL s ability to support its test requirements.

关键词：传感器；探测器；激光；光纤；声发射

查看摘要 索取原文[38页]

Hackensack University Medical Center's major initiative to create a cleaner ealthier and safer environment for patients, employees and the community served by the medical center is built on its commitment to protect the environment and conserve precious energy resources. Since 2004 the Medical Center launched a long term campaign to temper the negative environmental impact of proposed and existing new construction at the medical center and to improve campus wide overall energy efficiency. The plan was to begin by implementing a number of innovative and eco-friendly enhancements to the Gabrellian Women's and Children's Pavilion, in construction at the time, which would lead to Certification by the US Green Building Councils Leadership & Environmental Design (LEED) program. In addition the medical center would evaluate the feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic system in the new construction (in development and planned) to provide clean pollution free electricity. The steps taken to achieve this included conducting a feasibility study complete with architectural and engineering assessments to determine the potential for implementation of a photovoltaic system on the campus and also to conduct an energy survey that would focus on determining specific opportunities and upgrades that would lead to a healthier energy efficient interior environment at the medical center. The studies conducted by the medical center to determine the viability of installing a photovoltaic system identified two key issues that factored into leaderships decision not to implement the solar powered system. These factors were related to the advanced phase of construction of the women's and children's pavilion and the financial considerations to redesign and implement in the ambulatory cancer center. The medical center, in spite of their inability to proceed with the solar aspect of the project upheld their commitment to create a healthier environment for the patients and the community.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；光伏电源；环境影响

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

The Texas Panhandle is regarded as the Cattle Feeding Capital of the World, producing 42of the fed beef cattle in the United States within a 200-mile radius of Amarillo generating more than 5 million tons of feedlot manure /year. Apart from feedlots, the Bosque River Region in Erath County, just north of Waco, Texas with about 110,000 dairy cattle in over 250 dairies, produces 1.8 million tons of manure biomass (excreted plus bedding) per year. While the feedlot manure has been used extensively for irrigated and dry land crop production, most dairies, as well as other concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), the dairy farms utilize large lagoon areas to store wet animal biomass. Water runoff from these lagoons has been held responsible for the increased concentration of phosphorus and other contaminates in the Bosque River which drains into Lake Wacothe primary source of potable water for Wacos 108,500 people. The concentrated animal feeding operations may lead to land, water, and air pollution if waste handling systems and storage and treatment structures are not properly managed. Manure-based biomass (MBB) has the potential to be a source of green energy at large coal-fired power plants and on smaller-scale combustion systems at or near confined animal feeding operations. Although MBB particularly cattle biomass (CB) is a low quality fuel with an inferior heat value compared to coal and other fossil fuels, the concentration of it at large animal feeding operations can make it a viable source of fuel. The overall objective of this interdisciplinary proposal is to develop environmentally benign technologies to convert low-value inventories of dairy and beef cattle biomass into renewable energy. Current research expands the suite of technologies by which cattle biomass (CB: manure, and premature mortalities) could serve as a renewable alternative to fossil fuel.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；可再生能源；热转换

查看摘要 索取原文[454页]

Increasing power consumption of IT infrastructures, growing electricity prices, and ecological awareness are major reasons for a change towards green IT. At the same time, the demand for steadily increasing computational performance remains unbroken. However, optimizing IT equipment in regard to energy saving frequently becomes a trade-off between the energy optimization and the system performance. This chapter defines relevant terminology regarding IT energy efficiency and presents an overview of IT components causing energy consumption. Additionally, it provides a summary and categorization of existing energy saving techniques and energy efficiency metrics as well as an analysis of the impact of energy saving measures on performance. By comparing different energy efficiency metrics, we see that there is no uniform unit to quantify IT energy efficiency. We show that the application of energy saving methods has to be carefully chosen for individual services, as possible energy savings and impairment of performance differ significantly between different energy saving methods.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；电力设备；能源优化

查看摘要 索取原文[33页]

Since 2007, PNNL has conducted Energy Efficiency Expert Evaluations (E4) field training and facility assessments in the Heartland Region (GSA Region 6) buildings to identify low-cost/no-cost opportunities that have the potential to reduce building energy use by up to 10 percent. Based on a follow-up study and feedback from operation and maintenance (O&M) staff, it was recognized that only 50 percent of the recommended measures were implemented and the lack of control systems expertise was often found to be a major challenge in following up on the E4 recommendations. Hence the region undertook a new initiative in 2011 to perform targeted E4 field audits to identify and train O&M staff to implement control system measures to realize the energy savings.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；节约能源；能源消耗

查看摘要 索取原文[19页]