关键词：传感器；入侵检测；核材料；物理保护装置；国际关系
摘 要：Physical protection systems have a widespread impact across the nuclear industry in securing facilities and making security systems more effective and robust. They play an integral role in nuclear safeguards, arms control, and trafficking of illicit goods (e.g., nuclear materials) across international borders. As an example, many challenges must be overcome in design and deployment of foreign border security systems such as lack of infrastructure, extreme environmental conditions, limited knowledge of terrain, insider threats, cultural resistance, distance/time for response, lack of equipment training, and ingenuity in adversary response/bypass. Successful security systems rely on an integrated system composed of multiple subsystems. A physical protection systems test bed has been constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory whose mission is to test systems in varied non-ideal terrain and environmental conditions for prolonged periods of time for specific deployment scenarios. This includes a complete assessment of a systems vulnerability of defeat. This test bed is composed of many unique sensors and subsystems, including wireless unattended ground sensors, a buried fiber-optic acoustic sensor, a lossy coaxial distributed sensor, wireless links, pan-tilt-zoom cameras, mobile power generation systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, and fiber-optic-fence intrusion detection systems.