Much of the difficulty in reaching consistent evaluations of radiology and pathology imaging studies arises from subjective impressions of individual observers. Developing strategies that can reliably transform complex visual observations into well-defined algorithmic procedures is an active area of exploration which can advance clinical practice, investigative research and outcome studies. The literature shows that when characterizations are based upon computer-aided analysis, objectivity, reproducibility and sensitivity improve considerably. Advanced imaging and computational tools could potentially enable investigators to detect and track subtle changes in measurable parameters leading to the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic clues which are not apparent by human visual inspection alone. The overarching objective of this book chapter is to provide readers with a summary of the origin, evolution and future directions for the fields of automated image interpretation and computer-assisted diagnostics. The chapter begins with a high-level overview of the fields of image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision followed by a description of how these disciplines relate to the more comprehensive fields of computer-assisted diagnostics and image guided decision support. Throughout the remainder of the chapter we have supplied multiple illustrative examples demonstrating how recent advances and innovations in each of these areas have impacted clinical and research activities throughout pathology and radiology including high-throughput tissue microarray analysis, multi-spectral imaging, and image co-registration.

关键词：放射学；病理学；计算机辅助分析；图像处理

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This study examined how variations in the source and type of patient health data affected health care providers' perceptions of the trustworthiness and usefulness of the data. Overall, respondents (n=107) reported moderate to high levels of trust and usefulness of health status data from all sources. Technology sources were rated as more trustworthy than traditional, non-technology sources (paired t = -2.84, p ＜0.006). However, there was no significant difference between technology sources and non-technology sources (paired t = -1.63, p ＜0.108) in perceived usefulness for clinical decision making.

关键词：技术评估；生物医学；决策；信托

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The edges of absorbing regions used to de ne features on photomasks have inherent elec- tromagnetic di raction e ects that limit the focus tolerance during projection printing. In this work it is shown that the thin mask boundary layers used to characterize these e ects can be directly measured by capturing through-focus aerial images, a routine procedure for local quality inspection during mask fabrication. The Transport of Intensity phase imaging method is used to recover quantitative phase from a stack of intensity images, the phase near feature edges directly corresponding to edge e ects at the mask. We discover that the Transport of Intensity solver produces errors in the solved phase near sharp corners due to strong curl e ects in the power  ow, and an iterative solver is developed to remedy the artifacts. Using the improved algorithm, polarization-dependent edge e ects are observed experimentally in the quantitative phase images for both OMOG and ATT-PSM masks. The measured edge e ects correspond to 20nm wide imaginary valued boundary layers for ATT- PSM, and half that for OMOG masks, values which agree with those predicted by full-wave simulations in literature. Finally, the TIE is extended for the case of general illumination, and it is shown that the phase can be recovered from intensity measurements at a single focal plane by illumination patterning.

关键词：NE特征;强度测量;散焦相位成像;电磁边缘效应

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Modern aircraft increasingly rely on electric power for subsystems that have traditionally run on mechanical power. The complexity and safety- criticality of aircraft electric power systems have therefore increased, rendering the design of these systems more challenging. This work is motivated by the potential that correct-by-construction reactive controller synthesis tools may have in increasing the effectiveness of the electric power system design cycle. In particular, we have built an experimental hardware platform that captures some key elements of aircraft electric power systems within a simplified setting. We intend to use this platform for validating the applicability of theoretical advances in correct-by-construction control synthesis and for studying implementation-related challenges. We demonstrate a simple design work ow from formal specifications to auto-generated code that can run on software models and be used in hardware implementation. We show some preliminary results with different control architectures on the developed hardware testbed.

关键词：电力系统；电力；测试床；电路；无功控制协议

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This paper significantly advanced the hybrid measure correlate-predict (MCP) methodology, enabling it to account for the variations of both wind speed and direction. The advanced hybrid MCP method used the recorded data of multiple reference stations to estimate the long-term wind condition at the target wind plant site with greater accuracy than possible with data from a single reference station. The wind data was divided into different sectors according to the wind direction, and the MCP strategy was implemented for each wind sector separately. The applicability of the proposed hybrid strategy was investigated using four different MCP methods: (i) linear regression; (ii) variance ratio; (iii) artificial neural networks; and (iv) support vector regression. To implement the advanced hybrid MCP methodology, we used the hourly averaged wind data recorded at six stations in North Dakota between the years 2008 and 2010. The station Pillsbury was selected as the target plant site. The recorded data at the other five stations (Dazey, Galesbury, Hillsboro, Mayville, and Prosper) was used as reference station data. The best hybrid MCP strategy from different MCP algorithms and reference stations was investigated and selected from the 1,024 combinations. The accuracy of the hybrid MCP method was found to be highly sensitive to the combination of individual MCP algorithms and reference stations used. It was also observed that the best combination of MCP algorithms was strongly influenced by the length of the correlation period.

关键词：风能；混合动力系统；风力发电站；量度-关联预测（MCP）

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This report on Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) describes the development of small, wireless systems to monitor the response of cracks for structural health monitoring on and near transportation related structures. Developed were two types of wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) systems to record characteristics of cracks over long periods of time: Autonomous Crack Monitoring (ACM) and Autonomous Crack Propagation Sensing (ACPS). ACM seeks to correlate changes in widths of cosmetic cracks in structures to nearby blasting or construction vibration activity for the purposes of litigation or regulation. ACPS seeks to track growth of cracks in steel bridges, supplementing regular inspections and alerting stakeholders if a crack has grown. The ever decreasing size and increasing performance of computer technology suggest that expensive, labor-intensive, and intrusive wired SHM systems may be replaced by a similarly capable, easier to install, yet less expensive and intrusive wireless SHM systems based on existing, commercially available wireless sensor networks. The implementation of a wireless SHM system with all the functions of a standard, wired, AC powered system, no requirement for an on-site personal computer for system operation, a small enough footprint such that it will not disturb residents of the instrumented structure, or interfere with the operation of a transportation related structure, a sensor suite that can be operated with minimal power use, and system operation for at least six months without a battery change or any other human intervention, is fraught with obvious and non-obvious challenges.

关键词：无线传感器网络；监控；结构分析；振动

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An efficient and low-power multiplication algorithm has been proposed in this chapter. It reduces the number of add operations during multiplication by rounding any sequence of Is in the fractional part. The impact of using the proposed multiplication method on FIR and IIR filters response has been studied. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves up to 17power saving and 16increasing in speed, with only 1accuracy loss compared to Homer's algorithm. The new multiplication method has been validated experimentally using the eZ430-RF2500 wireless sensor board. In the next chapter, we will study the impact of using the proposed multiplication method on the power consumption of the proposed DKF.

关键词：计算机系统；DKF乘法算法；功耗；无线传感器

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Transmission line flashing will cause large area and long time of blackouts,it happens in the working voltage,and it poses serious threat to the electric power system.With the development of industry,the increase of power grid capacity and rated voltage level,there are more and more flashing accidents occurred in the power system of power transmission and transformation equipment external insulation,also the damage that they bring about to our economy is getting larger.Aiming at a series of problems caused by transmission line flashing,this paper comes up with an assessment method of transmission line flashing,it improves the forecast accuracy and efficiency so as to ensure the safety operation of transmission.

关键词：层次分析法；输电线路；污水；模糊综合评价方法

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This paper presents a low power low voltage 7bit 16MS/s SAR ADC (successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter) for the application of ZigBee receiver.The proposed 7-bit ADC is designed and simulated in 180nm RF CMOS technology.Post simulation results show that at 1.0-V supply and 16 MS/s,the ADC achieves a SNDR (signal-to-noise-anddistortion ratio) and SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) are 43.6dB,57.4dB respectively.The total power dissipation is 228tW,and it occupies a chip area of 0.525 mm2.It results in a figure-of merit (FOM) of 0.11 p J/step.

关键词：模拟到数字转换器；SAR；低功耗；低压；无线个域网

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Two typical challenges in the energy aware tasking scheduling are (1) minimizing energy consumption with execution time constraint and (2) minimizing task execution time with energy consumption constraint. This chapter focuses on the later challenge. It is very important to efficiently schedule tasks in mobile devices and sensor networks that have limited power. The goal is to cooperatively complete a set of tasks among diverse computing resources with given energy. Traditional scheduling algorithms, such as list scheduling, are not very efficient for this scheduling problem. Linear programming optimization method does not fit well since it is a non-linear problem. An enhanced genetic algorithm can solve this problem effectively.

关键词：计算机系统；算法；线性编程；传感器网络

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