A synopsis of these studies follows, and, in a separate section, abstracts of published and submitted papers are provided. One of the goals of this research is to learn more about fundamental processes involving photoinduced electron transfer to adsorbates on metals, in particular, those that lead to dissociation of water. Silver nanoparticles are chosen to represent the low end of catalytic activity, so as to delineate effects most directly associated with the dissociative electron transfer step. However, we also worked on palladium nanoparticles to take advantage of increased reactivity of that metal and its potential for hydrogen storage. In collaborative work with experimental investigations, the palladium catalyzed decomposition of butanoic acid was treated using high level electronic structure theory. For photoinduced processes at surfaces, key questions involve how electron transfer excited states are stabilized by the image charge or hole in the metal and whether dissociation occurs on the excited electronic state surface or by crossing over at some adsorbate geometry to the ground state surface. Differentiating between competing pathways depends on energy barriers and lifetimes in excited states.

关键词：表面；化学反应；金属；催化剂；储氢

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The need for high energy density electrical power sources for the soldier could be met with portable fuel cells and on-demand production of hydrogen from ubiquitous logistical fuels like JP-8. Microplasma (plasma contained in sub-mm volumes) reforming is an exciting prospect since it eliminates the drawbacks of catalysts and offers the promise of efficient chemical processing in a compact form. This project seeks to determine the feasibility of microplasma reforming as an effective means of hydrogen production to support compact fuel cells for soldier power. This experimental study exposes various hydrocarbons that are representative of key compounds in JP-8 to microplasma conditions, and evaluates the effectiveness of the extraction of hydrogen from the feed. Detailed experiments permit the determination of conversion of hydrocarbons under various microplasma conditions. Effective models permit understanding of the mechanisms.

关键词：喷气发动机燃料;等离子体（物理）;催化剂燃料电池

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a convenient, safe, and autonomous means for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging that has seen rapid growth in recent years for stationary applications. WPT does not require bulky contacts, plugs, and wires, is not affected by dirt or weather conditions, and is as efficient as conventional charging systems. This study summarizes some of the recent Sustainable Campus Initiative activities of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in WPT charging of an on-campus vehicle (a Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle). Laboratory development of the WPT coils, high-frequency power inverter, and overall systems integration are discussed. Results cover the coil performance testing at different operating frequencies, airgaps, and misalignments. Some of the experimental results of insertion loss due to roadway surfacing materials in the air-gap are presented. Experimental lessons learned are also covered in this study.

关键词：混合动力电动汽车;动力传动;电费用;电动卷

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The synthesis of composite Pd membranes has been modified by the addition of a Al(OH)3 graded layer and sequential annealing at high temperatures to obtain membranes with high permeance and outstanding selectivity stability for over 4000 hours at 450DGC. Most of the membranes achieved in this work showed H2 flux well above 2010 DOE targets and in some case, also above 2015 DOE targets. Similar composite membranes were tested in water gas shift reaction atmospheres and showed to be stable with high CO conversion and high hydrogen recovery for over 1000 hours. The H2 permeance of composite Pd-Au membranes was studied as well as its resistance in H2S containing atmospheres. H2S poisoning of Pd-based membranes was reduced by the addition of Au and the loss undergone by membranes was found to be almost totally recoverable with 10-30 wtAu. PSA technique was studied to test the possibility of H2S and COS removal from feed stream with limited success since the removal of H2S also led to the removal of a large fraction of the CO2. The economics of a WGS bundle reactor, using the information of the membranes fabricated under this project and integrated into an IGCC plant were studied based on a 2D reactor modeling. The calculations showed that without a government incentive to impose a CO2 tax, application of WGS membrane reactors in IGCC would be not as economically attractive as regular pulverized coal plants.

关键词：复合材料;膜;制氢;退火;煤气化

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Effective storage of hydrogen presents one of the most significant technical gaps to successful implementation of the hydrogen economy, particularly for transportation applications. Amine boranes, such as ammonia borane H3NBH3 and ammonia triborane H3NB3H7, have been identified as promising, high-capacity chemical hydrogen storage media containing potentially readily released protic (N-H) and hydridic (B-H) hydrogens. At the outset of our studies, dehydrogenation of ammonia borane had been studied primarily in the solid state, but our DOE sponsored work clearly demonstrated that ionic liquids, base-initiators and/or metal-catalysts can each significantly increase both the rate and extent of hydrogen release from amine boranes under moderate conditions. Our studies also showed that depending upon the activation method, hydrogen release from amine boranes can occur by very different mechanistic steps and yield different types of spent-fuel materials. The fundamental understanding that was developed during this grant of the pathways and controlling factors for each of these hydrogen-release mechanisms is now enabling continuing discovery and optimization of new chemical-hydride based hydrogen storage systems.

关键词：储氢;胺硼烷脱氢催化剂;氢化物;乏燃料运输

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Pure Electric Vehicles (PEV) is an important research direction to solve the problems of auto environment and energy sources.Research double close-loop control system of PEV driven by Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDCM) has the practical value.Traditional PID controllers have some advantages of being simple,reliable and effective for linear systems,but not for time-varying systems or highly non-linear systems.In order to improve the performances in both steady state and transient state of control system,an Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller (AFPIDC) can be employed.The dynamic model of PEV and the mathematic model of BLDCM can be analyzed and established.Simulation model of Speed and Current Double Close-Loop Control System are implemented by MatlabT.0/simulink.The simulation results show that the system has rapid response,without static error and overshoot,good performance and strong robustness,high capacity of resisting disturbance.

关键词：纯电动汽车（PEV）；无刷直流电动机（BLDCM）；自适应模糊PID控制器（AFPIDC）；模拟

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This research project sought to develop a prototype hydrogen-based fuel cell system for ITS devices. The project investigated hydrogen storage capacities of the various candidate chemical hydride analogs; selected the most efficient of the candidates for energy storage based on volume, mass, and cost; developed a prototype system; and estimated the capital and operating cost for such a system. A hydrogen fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, providing a clean, high-efficiency energy source that circumvents the problems associated with conventional batteries. A major drawback that limits its utility, however, is the use of heavy and bulky compressed metal cylinders as the source of hydrogen. The chemical-based hydrogen generation used in this project can provide a compact, atmospheric-pressure storage option for the controlled release of hydrogen. Many ITS-based applications can be envisaged with hydrogen-based fuel cells, such as alternating-traffic signs, directional signals, speed-limit signs, blinkers in series, warning blinkers, and backup power sources at traffic signals during power outages. This system is particularly attractive because many remote traffic signals on northern Minnesota roads lack access to a power grid, requiring the use of batteries that must be changed often, thus incurring maintenance costs.

关键词：制氢；燃料电池；成本缸筒电动电池；储能

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The current scarcity of public charging infrastructure is one of the major barriers to mass household adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Although most PEV drivers can recharge their vehicles at home, the limited driving range of the vehicles restricts their usefulness for long-distance travel. In this paper, an agent-based information system is presented for identifying patterns in residential PEV ownership and driving activities to enable strategic deployment of new charging infrastructure. Driver agents consider their own driving activities within the simulated environment, in addition to the presence of charging stations and the vehicle ownership of others in their social network, when purchasing a new vehicle. Aside from conventional vehicles, drivers may select among multiple electric alternatives, including two PEV options. The Chicagoland area is used as a case study to demonstrate the different deployment scenarios are analyzed.

关键词：电动车;电动收费;信息系统;机动车驾驶

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This report will provide a final summary of project accomplishments, emphasizing those of approximately the past year of the project. Annual reports previously submitted to AFOSR are incorporated herein by reference. Most recently, we used DNA microarray analyses to characterize stress responses of wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells encapsulated in different gel formulations. We also characterized photosynthetic activity, encapsulation protocols, and hydrogen production from photoantennae mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.In addition, we continued exploring the diffusion of dissolved ions encapsulated in silica gel.

关键词：藻类;太阳能;制氢封装;基因表达;微生物;光合作用

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The objectives of this meeting include the following: Review and evaluate FY 2012 accomplishments and FY 2013 plans for DOE laboratory programs; industry/university cooperative agreements; and related research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) efforts. Provide an opportunity for program stakeholders and participants (e.g., fuel cell manufacturers, component developers, and others) to provide input to help shape the DOE-sponsored RD&D program in order to address the highest priority technical barriers and facilitate technology transfer. Foster interactions among the national laboratories, industry, and universities conducting RD&D. The peer review process followed the guidelines of the Peer Review Guide developed by EERE. The peer review panel members, listed in Table 1, provided comments on the projects presented. Panel members included experts from a variety of backgrounds related to hydrogen and fuel cells, and they represented national laboratories, universities, various government agencies, and manufacturers of hydrogen production, storage, delivery, and fuel cell technologies.

关键词：燃料电池；氢能；方案评价；年度报告

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