The production of semiconductor wafers uses wafer-level manufacturing equipment, which includes steps and processes such as etching, lithography, stripping, inspection, and packaging. The global wafer-level manufacturing equipment market is driven by an increase in the number of applications for semiconductor ICs in various end-user industries.

Vitamin C supplements contain vitamin C in the form of ascorbic acid, which has bioavailability that is equivalent to naturally occurring ascorbic acid in food products, such as orange juice and broccoli. Other forms of vitamin C supplements include sodium ascorbate; calcium ascorbate; other mineral ascorbates; ascorbic acid with bioflavonoids; and combination products, such as Ester-C, which contains calcium ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, calcium threonate, xylonate, and lyxonate.

A wristwatch is a timekeeping device that is worn on the wrist. It consists of a case housing a movement or mechanism that accurately tracks the passage of time. Wristwatches come in different styles, from analog watches with hands to digital watches with displays. They often have additional features like date displays, chronographs, alarms, and fitness-tracking capabilities.

Wood fuels such as wood pellets and wood chips are a form of biofuels originating from wood biomass. Wood fuels are used to generate electricity and heat. Wood fuels are readily available, both as a source of firewood or wood waste and at affordable prices.

A Wi-Fi hotspot refers to a wireless access point that provides Internet connectivity using Wi-Fi technology. It enables users to connect their Wi-Fi-enabled devices, such as smartphones, tablets, or laptops, to access the Internet wirelessly. Wi-Fi hotspots are commonly found in public places such as cafes, airports, hotels, or libraries, allowing users to connect to the Internet and enjoy online activities conveniently without the use of physical cables.

Thermochromic paints are permanent change inks that are high temperature activated, permanent change pigment used for quality purposes in manufacturing processes such as metalworking, annealing, welding, and riveting for quality purposes where color former and color developer are intimately mixed. It has several practical uses, such as alerting someone to a potentially hot surface using thermochromic paint, which is not only extremely practical but helps to avoid serious injuries. The ability of thermochromic paints to make instantly aware of the temperature is extremely useful. It can also be used as an option to use special paints on road signs to alert drivers to specific temperatures such as freezing.

Tungsten is one of the toughest metals found in nature and exhibits unique properties. Pure tungsten is silver-colored and has a high melting point. It offers high density and resists fracture and high temperatures. It is primarily extracted from wolframite and scheelite.

pupillometer is a medical device used to measure and assess the size, shape, and reactivity of the pupils in the eyes.

Professional lighting refers to the application of lighting techniques and fixtures to create optimal lighting conditions in various commercial and industrial spaces, including offices, retail stores, hospitality venues, healthcare facilities, sports arenas, and outdoor environments. It is designed to meet specific requirements, such as enhancing visibility, creating ambiance, highlighting architectural features, or promoting productivity and well-being. It incorporates lighting, control systems, and advanced technologies to provide efficient and customizable lighting solutions.

Pretzels are crisp, brittle, and salted baked snack foods made of flour dough. These are available in various shapes and have shiny outer surfaces. Raw materials that are used to produce pretzels are flour, yeast, leavening agents, and shortenings. Different varieties of pretzels are available in the market in terms of shape and flavor. Companies sell pretzels as on-the-go snacks in packages, and some sell freshly made pretzels at foodservice outlets. The modern production process of pretzels is completely automated. It involves multiple steps, such as mixing the dough, forming pretzels, dipping, and salting, cooking, and packaging. These steps vary depending on the type of pretzel.