Packaging resins are plastic materials used in the production of packaging solutions, offering durability, flexibility, and protection for various products. Common types include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are widely used in industries such as food and beverages, healthcare, and consumer goods. These resins provide moisture resistance, strength, and lightweight properties, making them essential for both rigid and flexible packaging applications.

Lithium carbonate is a lithium salt of carbonate consisting of lithium, carbon, and oxygen elements. Lithium carbonate is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used in industrial applications, with its primary significance in the field of energy storage, particularly in the production of lithium-ion batteries.

A K-12 makerspace is a place in K-12 schools that allow students to create, tinker, invent, discover, and explore new ideas using a varied range of materials. These materials are referred to as K-12 makerspace materials. Some of these materials are 3D printers, computers, cameras, electronic tools, building materials, and art and craft supplies.

• Isostearic acid is a light-yellow liquid that functions as an emollient and co-emulsifier in personal care formulations. It is used as a smooth, dry-feel emollient that can help the skin to replenish its natural moisture. It helps improve the texture and spreadability of products while also offering a silky and non-greasy feel.

Home and laundry care encompasses a range of services and products designed to maintain cleanliness and organization in private households. This sector includes both the provision of cleaning services and the sale of cleaning products.

Glutamic acid is an amino acid that is used by almost all living things in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, which means the body can produce enough to meet its requirements. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in vertebrate nervous systems.

A membrane is a type of selective barrier used to remove or separate a feed stream as it passes through. Membranes are generally used for gas separation. Gas separation membranes are used to separate and purify specific components from other gases or vapor mixtures. The gas separation membrane technology is widely used in gas processing applications in different industries, such as petrochemical, chemical, and manufacturing.

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is a thermoplastic polymer known for its closed-cell structure, offering greater strength and superior mechanical performance compared to its close alternative, expanded polystyrene (EPS). Although more costly, XPS is commonly used as rigid foam insulation in residential floors, roofs, walls, ceilings, and balconies due to its high compressive strength and excellent moisture resistance

Smart polymers are a class of advanced materials that exhibit dynamic properties, enabling them to respond to environmental stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, or other chemical or biological triggers. These polymers are engineered to undergo specific physical or chemical changes in response to these external conditions, making them highly versatile and functional in various applications.

The market by value in this report is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from goods and/or services sold within the specified market and geography. • Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.