Packaging resins are plastic materials used in the production of packaging solutions, offering durability, flexibility, and protection for various products. Common types include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are widely used in industries such as food and beverages, healthcare, and consumer goods. These resins provide moisture resistance, strength, and lightweight properties, making them essential for both rigid and flexible packaging applications.

A K-12 makerspace is a place in K-12 schools that allow students to create, tinker, invent, discover, and explore new ideas using a varied range of materials. These materials are referred to as K-12 makerspace materials. Some of these materials are 3D printers, computers, cameras, electronic tools, building materials, and art and craft supplies.

A membrane is a type of selective barrier used to remove or separate a feed stream as it passes through. Membranes are generally used for gas separation. Gas separation membranes are used to separate and purify specific components from other gases or vapor mixtures. The gas separation membrane technology is widely used in gas processing applications in different industries, such as petrochemical, chemical, and manufacturing.

Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are advanced materials capable of absorbing and retaining extremely large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. Commonly made from sodium polyacrylate or other cross-linked polymers, SAPs can hold up to 300-800 times their weight in water. They are widely used in products like diapers, sanitary napkins, adult incontinence products, and medical dressings, as well as in agriculture, horticulture, and industrial applications due to their superior moisture retention and absorption properties.

A sponge wipes is a cleaning product made from highly absorbent materials such as cellulose, foam, or microfiber, designed to soak up liquids and remove dirt from surfaces efficiently. Combining the softness and flexibility of a sponge with the flat, handy shape of a cloth, sponge wipes are reusable, easy to rinse, and suitable for both household and commercial cleaning tasks.

In glass recycling, waste glasses are crushed and melted to cullet. Cullet is a high-grade product that is mixed with virgin materials such as sand and limestone for manufacturing new glass bottles and containers. This cullet can be further categorized into internal and external cullet based on the feedstock used for manufacturing. The internal cullet is manufactured by crushing defective glass products such as bottles, which are rejected during a quality check at various manufacturing industries. The external cullet is manufactured by the processing of used bottles or other glass. Glass fines are low-grade products, which are used in the manufacturing mix of construction and car glass.

A glass lens is a transparent optical component used in glasses (eyewear) to correct vision or protect the eyes. These lenses can be made from various materials, including glass, plastic, or polycarbonate, and are designed to focus light correctly onto the retina, helping to improve vision clarity.

Cosmetics are naturally sourced or chemically synthesized products that are designed to improve or enhance the physical appearance. These improvements and enhancements may be achieved through various properties such as body cleansing, skin protection, skin nourishment, hair conditioning, and moisturizing. Cosmetic ingredients are naturally available or synthetically developed; common cosmetic ingredients include water, emulsification agents, preservatives, thickeners, moisturizers, colorants, and fragrances.

Aerospace nanotechnology refers to the application of nanotechnology science and engineering conducted at the scale of atoms and molecules (typically below 100 nanometers) to the design, development, and performance enhancement of aerospace systems, including aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This field involves the use of nanomaterials, nano sensors, nanoelectronics, and nanostructures to improve key aerospace characteristics such as strength-to-weight ratio, thermal resistance, durability, fuel efficiency, stealth capabilities, and system miniaturization.

Agricultural films encompass stretchable plastics used to protect crops in open fields and greenhouses, enhancing productivity and crop quality. These films are made from materials like polyethylene and ethyl vinyl acetate, and are used in applications such as mulching, silage, and greenhouse covering.