Underwater diving using a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus is known as scuba diving. In scuba diving, divers carry their own supply of breathing air and other necessary equipment. The Global Scuba Diving Equipment market declined by almost 30 percent during the economic recession of 2009; however, it has recovered since then and is expected to witness increased demand for innovative and reliable scuba diving equipment in the future. The market is highly competitive with several vendors supplying specialized diving gear with innovative features to consumers.

关键词：自给式；水下呼吸器；潜水设备

查看摘要 索取原文[76页]

The objective of the work reported herein was to use a systems engineering approach to guide development of integrated instrumentation/sensor systems (IISS) incorporating communications, interconnections, and signal acquisition. These require enhanced suitability and effectiveness for diagnostics and health management of aerospace equipment governed by the principles of Condition-based maintenance (CBM). It is concluded that the systems engineering approach to IISS definition provided clear benefits in identifying overall system requirements and an architectural framework for categorizing and evaluating alternative architectures, relative to a bottom up focus on sensor technology blind to system level user needs. CBM IISS imperatives identified include factors such as tolerance of the bulk of aerospace equipment operational environments, low intrusiveness, rapid reconfiguration, and affordable life cycle costs. The functional features identified include interrogation of the variety of sensor types and interfaces common in aerospace equipment applications overmultiplexed communication media with flexibility to allow rapid system reconfiguration to adapt to evolving sensor needs. This implies standardized interfaces at the sensor location (preferably to open standards), reduced wire/connector pin count in harnesses (or their elimination through use of wireless communications).

关键词：光机电；传感器；航空航天设备；仪表维修

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

In 2009/2010 NASA developed Technology Roadmaps.Technology Area 8 was Science Instruments, Observatories & Sensors Systems (SIOSS).SIOSS included:Technology Area Breakdown Structure (TABS);Key Technical Challenges;Roadmaps for Each Level 1 TABS.

关键词：光机电；传感器；天文台；NRC技术路线图

查看摘要 索取原文[20页]

关键词：12月；新船；订单

查看摘要 索取原文[1页]

In present era of railways transportation the presence of the railway signal system in railway networks makes the train control system much easier & safer. Today the all railway signal systems are based on electrical devices. In this paper we propose a new signal system for railway network which will be based on wireless sensor devices. Proposed frame work helps the train control mechanism to control the train even in low visibility weather condition like dust, haze, snow, heavy rain, fogginess conditions. In this paper we proposed the idea and the framework for the new wireless sensor device based signal system which can be implemented in modification in existing current signal systems.

关键词：传感器；铁路信号；框架

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

In 2007 the total global market capitalization of mining companies was reported at US $962 billion, (Businessweek, 2007)

关键词：机器人；月球采矿；外星环境；太空探索

查看摘要 索取原文[30页]

NASA pushes telerobotics to distances that span the Solar System. At this scale, time of flight for communication is limited by the speed of light, inducing long time delays, narrow bandwidth and the real risk of data disruption. NASA also supports missions where humans are in direct contact with robots during extravehicular activity (EVA), giving a range of zero to hundreds of millions of miles for NASA s definition of "tele". . Another temporal variable is mission phasing. NASA missions are now being considered that combine early robotic phases with later human arrival, then transition back to robot only operations. Robots can preposition, scout, sample or construct in advance of human teammates, transition to assistant roles when the crew are present, and then become care-takers when the crew returns to Earth. This paper will describe advances in robot safety and command interaction approaches developed to form effective human-robot teams, overcoming challenges of time delay and adapting as the team transitions from robot only to robots and crew. The work is predicated on the idea that when robots are alone in space, they are still part of a human-robot team acting as surrogates for people back on Earth or in other distant locations. Software, interaction modes and control methods will be described that can operate robots in all these conditions. A novel control mode for operating robots across time delay was developed using a graphical simulation on the human side of the communication, allowing a remote supervisor to drive and command a robot in simulation with no time delay, then monitor progress of the actual robot as data returns from the round trip to and from the robot. Since the robot must be responsible for safety out to at least the round trip time period, the authors developed a multi layer safety system able to detect and protect the robot and people in its workspace. This safety system is also running when humans are in direct contact with the robot, so it involves both internal fault detection as well as force sensing for unintended external contacts. The designs for the supervisory command mode and the redundant safety system will be described. Specific implementations were developed and test results will be reported. Experiments were conducted using terrestrial analogs for deep space missions, where time delays were artificially added to emulate the longer distances found in space.

关键词：遥控机器人；地球模拟舱外活动；太空任务

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

Flight control of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) is challenging due to the size of small-scale robotics platforms, which places size, weight, and power limitations on onboard sensors, as well as restricts the data processing algorithms that can be implemented on the platforms. We focus on computing optic flow in order to control a MAV using small vision chips as opposed to a complex camera system in order to cut down on the size and weight of the sensors as well as the processing power needed. We propose using an externally produced vision sensor by Centeye, ArduEye, to develop an algorithm for computing optic flow, from existing algorithms tailored to the sensor, to be used to control a quadrotor. Such efforts will benefit the various MAV research thrusts by providing a successful optic flow sensor and data processing algorithm that can be applied to the flight control of other robotic platforms.

关键词：用视觉传感器；光流；微型飞行器；飞行控制

查看摘要 索取原文[26页]

Landing mission concepts that are being developed for exploration of solar system bodies are increasingly ambitious in their implementations and objectives. Most of these missions require accurate position and velocity data during their descent phase in order to ensure safe, soft landing at the pre-designated sites. Data from the vehicle's Inertial Measurement Unit will not be sufficient due to significant drift error after extended travel time in space. Therefore, an onboard sensor is required to provide the necessary data for landing in the GPS-deprived environment of space. For this reason, NASA Langley Research Center has been developing an advanced Doppler lidar sensor capable of providing accurate and reliable data suitable for operation in the highly constrained environment of space. The Doppler lidar transmits three laser beams in different directions toward the ground. The signal from each beam provides the platform velocity and range to the ground along the laser line-of-sight (LOS). The six LOS measurements are then combined in order to determine the three components of the vehicle velocity vector, and to accurately measure altitude and attitude angles relative to the local ground. These measurements are used by an autonomous Guidance, Navigation, and Control system to accurately navigate the vehicle from a few kilometers above the ground to the designated location and to execute a gentle touchdown. A prototype version of our lidar sensor has been completed for a closed-loop demonstration onboard a rocket-powered terrestrial free-flyer vehicle.

关键词：传感器；雷达

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

The function of the infrared gas transducer used during extravehicular activity in the current space suit is to measure and report the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ventilation loop. The next generation portable life support system (PLSS) requires next generation CO2 sensing technology with performance beyond that presently in use on the Space Shuttle/International Space Station extravehicular mobility unit (EMU). Accommodation within space suits demands that optical sensors meet stringent size, weight, and power requirements. A laser diode spectrometer based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy is being developed for this purpose by Vista Photonics, Inc. Two prototype devices were delivered to NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in September 2011. The sensors incorporate a laser diode-based CO2 channel that also includes an incidental water vapor (humidity) measurement and a separate oxygen channel using a vertical cavity surface emitting laser. Both prototypes are controlled digitally with a field-programmable gate array/microcontroller architecture. The present development extends and upgrades the earlier hardware to the Advanced PLSS 2.0 test article being constructed and tested at JSC. Various improvements to the electronics and gas sampling are being advanced by this project. The combination of low power electronics with the performance of a long wavelength laser spectrometer enables multi-gas sensors with significantly increased performance over that presently offered in the EMU.

关键词：红外气体传感器传感器；光学；舱外活动；宇航

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]