This document presents an overview of the research DFRC is planning within the Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Light Weight Airframes and Propulsion.

关键词：光机电；传感器；柔性翼设计；控制反馈

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A submarine is a vessel that operates underwater. It is generally used by the Navy and is considered to be one of the most powerful defensive weapons used during wars.The Global Submarine market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. In 2013, the Americas dominated the market, followed by the EMEA and APAC region. The current demand for seating systems is mainly from developed countries, but this is expected to shift slowly toward the developing countries over the next few years. The market is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 3.27 percent during the forecast period.

关键词：潜艇；海军；防御武器

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The selling price of electrical power varies with time. The economic viability of space solar power is maximum if the power can be sold at peak power rates, instead of baseline rate. Price and demand of electricity was examined from spot-market data from four example markets: New England, New York City, suburban New York, and California. The data was averaged to show the average price and demand for power as a function of time of day and time of year. Demand varies roughly by a factor of two between the early-morning minimum demand, and the afternoon maximum; both the amount of peak power, and the location of the peak, depends significantly on the location and the weather. The demand curves were compared to the availability curves for solar energy and for tracking and non-tracking satellite solar power systems in order to compare the market value of terrestrial and solar electrical power. In part 2, new designs for a space solar power (SSP) system were analyzed to provide electrical power to Earth for economically competitive rates. The approach was to look at innovative power architectures to more practical approaches to space solar power. A significant barrier is the initial investment required before the first power is returned. Three new concepts for solar power satellites were invented and analyzed: a solar power satellite in the Earth-Sun L2 point, a geosynchronous no-moving parts solar power satellite, and a nontracking geosynchronous solar power satellite with integral phased array. The integral-array satellite had several advantages, including an initial investment cost approximately eight times lower than the conventional design.

关键词：太阳能卫星；航天器电源；太阳能发电机组

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The electric power system is a crucial element of any mission for the human exploration of the Martian surface. The bulk of the power generated will be delivered to crew lifesupport systems, extravehicular activity suits, robotic vehicles, and predeployed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) equipment. In one mission scenario, before the crew departs for Mars, the ISRU plant operates for 435 days producing liquefied methane and oxygen for ascent-stage propellants and water for crew life support.

关键词：太阳能发电机;载人火星任务,舱外活动;原位资源利用率;再生燃料电池;燃料电池;FORTRAN;储能;日晒;光伏电池

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This case study describes how the Navy is dramatically increasing standardization of hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) equipment across Navy ships, thereby conserving money, manpower, and time, while improving the operational readiness and availability of the fleet.

关键词：电工设备；海军舰艇设备

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Composite materials are increasingly used in modern aircraft for reducing weight, improving fuel efficiency, and enhancing the overall design, performance, and manufacturability of airborne vehicles. Materials such as fiberglass reinforced composites (FRC) and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are being used to great advantage in airframes, wings, engine nacelles, turbine blades, fairings, fuselage and empennage structures, control surfaces and coverings. However, the potential damage from the direct and indirect effects of lightning strikes is of increased concern to aircraft designers and operators. When a lightning strike occurs, the points of attachment and detachment on the aircraft surface must be found by visual inspection, and then assessed for damage by maintenance personnel to ensure continued safe flight operations. In this paper, a new method and system for aircraft in-situ damage detection and diagnosis are presented. The method and system are based on open circuit (SansEC) sensor technology developed at NASA Langley Research Center. SansEC (Sans Electric Connection) sensor technology is a new technical framework for designing, powering, and interrogating sensors to detect damage in composite materials. Damage in composite material is generally associated with a localized change in material permittivity and/or conductivity. These changes are sensed using SansEC. Unique electrical signatures are used for damage detection and diagnosis. NASA LaRC has both experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that SansEC sensors can be effectively used for in-situ composite damage detection.

关键词：光机电；传感器；开路谐振；复合材料检测

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Environmental conditions, cyclic loading, and aging contribute to structural wear and degradation, and thus potentially catastrophic events. The challenge of health monitoring technology is to determine incipient changes accurately and efficiently. This project addresses this challenge by developing health monitoring techniques that depend only on sensor measurements. Since actively controlled excitation is not needed, sensor-to-sensor identification (S2SID) provides an in-flight diagnostic tool that exploits ambient excitation to provide advance warning of significant changes. S2SID can subsequently be followed up by ground testing to localize and quantify structural changes. The conceptual foundation of S2SID is the notion of a pseudo-transfer function, where one sensor is viewed as the pseudo-input and another is viewed as the pseudo-output, is approach is less restrictive than transmissibility identification and operational modal analysis since no assumption is made about the locations of the sensors relative to the excitation.

关键词：光机电；传感器；飞机；结构监测

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Tires are an integral component of aircraft and are manufactured using raw materials such as natural rubber, nylon tire cord fabric, and carbon black. Rubber chemicals and synthetic rubber are also majorly used in the manufacture of aircraft tires. The Global Aircraft Tire market caters to customers segments such as passenger, cargo, and defense aircraft. Due to the increase in the number of aircraft being used in recent years, the global demand for aircraft tires is expected to witness steady growth over the next few years.

关键词：轮胎；飞机；天然橡胶；锦纶帘子布；炭黑

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本报告关注点：铁路货运能力与需求均有一倍以上的增长空间；高铁、城市轨道交通成为客运增长点；招标超预期，投资计划显著增加。

关键词：铁路；货运；设备增加

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Underwater diving using a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus is known as scuba diving. In scuba diving, divers carry their own supply of breathing air and other necessary equipment. The Global Scuba Diving Equipment market declined by almost 30 percent during the economic recession of 2009; however, it has recovered since then and is expected to witness increased demand for innovative and reliable scuba diving equipment in the future. The market is highly competitive with several vendors supplying specialized diving gear with innovative features to consumers.

关键词：自给式；水下呼吸器；潜水设备

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