Biometrics is a technology that measures and analyzes physiological or behavioral patterns for authentication or identification. Physiological patterns include fingerprints, facial recognition,
DNA, palm print, hand geometry, and iris recognition, whereas, behavioral patterns include signature, keystroke dynamics, and voice recognition.

关键词：印度；生物；测定学；统计学；行为模式

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Biobased polymers are materials in which at least one of the constituent polymers is produced rom renewable resources. Biobased polymers can be biodegradable or non-biodegradable.

关键词：生物基聚合物；高分子材料；可再生资源

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Microinjection polymer molding is a process used for the development of small-sized products that require ultra-fine resolution for molding. The process of microinjection molding is carried out for parts that weigh less than a milligram and measure less than a millimeter in size. However, they can also be used for large products that require micro-sized features. Microinjection polymer molding is used widely in various sectors such as Medical and Healthcare, Telecom and Electronics, and Automotive.

关键词：显微注射；成型聚合物；超精细分辨率；成型

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PGD testing involves the identification of genetic defects in embryos. It is primarily performed to identify single-gene disorders such as sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, hemophilia, Marfan’s disease, thalassemia, muscular distrophy, Tay-Sachs disease, and spinal muscular atrophy. PGD testing is generally carried out on people when they have a known genetic defect or in late-age pregnancy or if a woman has a history of repeated miscarriage. The transfer of an embryo into the uterus is done after PGD testing so that couples can make a decision about the consecutive steps they would like to take with regard to the IVF process. The technologies primarily used for PGD testing are PCR, FISH, CGH, and SNP. PCR is the most widely used technology in PGD. FISH testing is a technology that is beneficial in the determination of chromosomal abnormalities, X-linked diseases, and aneuploidy screening. CGH and SNP testing are advanced technologies in PGD that have a high accuracy in screening and diagnosis.

关键词：PGD测试；遗传缺陷；胚胎鉴定；识别；单基因疾病

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Biodegradable materials are those that decompose naturally by the action of microorganisms. Biodegradable plastics encompass a wide range of materials that are bio-based, biodegradable, or both, and differ from conventional non-biodegradable plastics in terms of raw materials, production technology, applications, and composting. The major applications of biodegradable plastics are in the Packaging, Agriculture, Gastronomy, Consumer Electronics and Automotive industries. Renewability and availability are the key factors that distinguish biodegradable plastics from conventional plastic materials.

关键词：生物可降解材料；自然分解；微生物；生物基；非生物降解性塑料

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Over the past several decades, new scientific tools and approaches for detecting microbial species have dramatically enhanced our appreciation of the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and its dynamic interactions with the environments within which these microorganisms reside. The first bacterial genome2 was sequenced in 1995 and took more than 13 months of work to complete. Today (2012), a microorganisms entire genome can be sequenced in a few days. Much as our view of the cosmos was forever altered in the 17th century with the invention of the telescope (Nee, 2004), these genomic technologies, and the observations derived from them, have fundamentally transformed our appreciation of the microbial world around us.

关键词：基因;基因测序;脱氧核糖核酸基因工程;研究项目;微生物;技术转让;生物质能转换

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PCR is a molecular genetics technique used to amplify and analyze nucleic acids. It is a very precise, specific, and accurate technique that can amplify a specific DNA target from a mixture of DNA molecules. It is used in a wide array of applications in research and diagnosis including genetic engineering, cloning, sequencing, diagnosis, genotyping, and many other areas. The advances in PCR technology and tools provide high reproducibility in a short period. Depending on the requirement, PCR reaction involves different types of reagents, consumables, and instruments to process the sample. The advanced software helps to analyze data generated from the sample under process.

关键词：PCR；扩增；分析；核酸；分子遗传学技术

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关键词：马歇尔；智库；作用

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Centrifugation is based on the principle of sedimentation accomplished by rapid rotation to separate liquid-liquid and solid-liquid mixtures. This separation is completed through the use of centrifugal force. Laboratory centrifuges are generally used in the separation of cells, viruses, proteins, subcellular organelles, and nucleic acids, in research and other areas. The most commonly used laboratory centrifuges are benchtop centrifuges, floor-standing centrifuges, microcentrifuges, specialty centrifuges, and ultracentrifuges. Researchers require centrifuge for various applications such as specimen preparation, new molecule development in drug discovery, and foreign particles analysis.

关键词：离心；快速旋转；药物新分子；开发；异物颗粒分析

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Affinity chromatography assists in the examination of clinical samples with the help of HPLC methods. Affinity chromatography purifies and concentrate a substance with the help of liquid chromatography technique, and also helps in distinguishing that biological compounds bind to a particular substance. This technology is used in various applications such as in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology and Food and Beverages industries, and drug discovery processes.

关键词：高效液相色谱法；亲和层析；协助；浓缩与液体；生物化合物；结合；特定物质

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