报告从产业动态、产业分析、技术趋势、企业跟踪、地方动向等几个方面对生物科技产业进行了分析评论。

关键词：生物科技；生物制药；医疗器械；产业分析；技术趋势；企业跟踪；地方动向

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The development of genome and proteomic technologies is related, first of all, to the progress recently achieved in developing of high-sensitivity, rapid methods for registration and analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. One of such methods, combining high sensitivity and high response speed, is the nanowire (NW) detection technique. This technique allows one to register analyte species in real time without using labels. Nowadays, the concentration sensitivity of such systems in registering proteins and DNAs reaches the femtomolar level. In the present chapter, we consider nanowire sensor systems based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. We discuss the achieved potential in detecting low-copy proteins with the help of nanowire systems. We show that it is possible to use not only antibodies, but also aptamers, as probing molecules for biospecific protein detection. We also discuss the possibility of using nanowire detectors in genome studies.

关键词：基因组；蛋白质检测；纳米线传感器

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Bioactive materials refer to a group of materials including composites, ceramics, and glasses that interact with biological systems and aid in repair and replacement of diseased tissue or bone. Bioactive glasses are an important category of bioactive materials that promote self-healing by interacting with body fluids and tissues without affecting the health and tissues of living organisms. They have a wide range of applications in surgical procedures, especially in tissue replacement and tissue repair. Bioactive glasses are composed of silicon, calcium, sodium, and phosphorus. They are widely used in orthopedics, followed by dentistry and cosmetic applications. They are commercially available in various forms such as powders, nano-powders, and granules.

关键词：生物活性材料；生物系统；修理；替换；患病组织；骨；促进；自我愈合；体液；组织

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The book is addressed to beginners in molecular biology, especially to computer scientists who would like to work as bioinformaticians (computational biologists). Bioinformatics, which could be defined as the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine, has been rapidly developing over the past few decades. It generates new knowledge as well as the computational tools to create that knowledge. Certainly, understanding of the basic processes in living organisms is indispensable for bioinformaticians in the creation of knowledge. The book contains information about these processes presented in a condensed manner. Additionally, principles of several high-throughput technologies in molecular biology, which need the assistance of bioinformaticians, are explained from a biological point of view. Although some processes observed in living organisms are described here in a more detailed fashion, the book may be treated as an introduction to molecular biology. Thus it could be the first choice for people who are unfamiliar with the subject.

关键词：分子生物学；医药；生物信息学；计算机科学

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This chapter describes the use of different sensor technologies that can identify cells, tissues, microorganisms, and organelles. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor, whole-cell and cell array biosensors, antibody-immobilized microcantilever (MC) resonators, enzyme-based biosensors and nanoparticles (NPs), aptamers, luminescent biosensors, photonic crystal microcavity biosensors, nanomaterials and biosensors, microwire sensors, and oligoaziridine biosensors are described with applications on living cells or microorganisms. Their principles have been explained along with their mode of action.

关键词：生物传感器；细胞；微生物；组织

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In this thesis we present two novel algorithms that make use of DNA sequencing data in a principled yet practical way. The fi rst method estimates the history of eff ective population sizes of a species using a coalescent hidden Markov model (HMM). Previous coalescent HMMs could only handle a few sequences, since the set of coalescent trees makes the statespace prohibitively large. Our algorithm uses a modifi ed state-space to make inference computationally feasible while still retaining the essential genealogical features of a sample. We apply this algorithm, called diCal, to human data to learn more about major events in human history, such as the out-of-Africa migration. We also provide several extensions to diCal that make the computation faster, more automated, and applicable in a wider variety of scenarios.

关键词：DNA测序；人口基因组；可伸缩算法

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Agricultural enzymes are complex protein molecules derived from sources such as plant or animal tissues and microbes.

关键词：农业；酶；酶活性

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报告从产业动态、产业分析、技术趋势、企业跟踪、地方动向等几个方面对生物科技产业进行了分析评论。

关键词：生物科技；生物制药；医疗器械；产业分析；技术趋势；企业跟踪；地方动向

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Bioinformatics, a combination of biology and IT, is used to perform computational analyses of the DNA and protein sequences contained in biological databases. This field of science caters to molecular biology, structural biology, genomics, and gene expression and is one of the more attractive segments of the global next-generation sequencing market. It is used to identify SNPs and candidate genes responsible for variations between pre-specified genes of interest and disease states or phenotypes. The analysis focuses on three dataset types: macromolecular structures, genome sequences, and functional genomics experiments.

关键词：生物信息学；计算分析；生物数据库；DNA；蛋白质序列；分子生物学；结构生物学；基因组学；基因表达

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Antimicrobial and antibiotic drugs are used to treat various conditions that affect animals such as companion animals, swine, cattle, horses, and fish. These drugs are also used to accelerate the growth of animals, especially in North America and Europe. However, an overuse of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. This is a worrying trend as the resistant microbes could be transferred to humans by the consumption of milk or meat. Hence, organizations such as the CDC in the US and RUMA in the UK recommend judicious use of antibiotics in animals and strictly regulate the market.

关键词：抗微生物；抗生素药物；加速生长；耐药性菌株

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