Human growth hormone is a proteinaceous hormone consisting of 191 amino acid residues secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. In children and adolescents, it promotes linear growth. However, in adults, the level of the hormone in the blood starts declining and it primarily performs anabolic functions. The growth-promoting activities of human growth hormone are primarily carried out through its interaction with IGF and constitute its indirect action. The direct activities of human growth hormone, carried out through its interaction with the human growth hormone receptor, include its metabolic and anti-insulin activities.

关键词：人生长激素；蛋白质激素；脑垂体；前部分泌；合成代谢

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Biosimilars are follow-on versions of biological medicines that are developed after the expiry of the patent protection on the original product. Biosimilar medicines have a mechanism of action that is similar to that of the original biological medicines. Though biosimilars have similarities to the innovator product, they are not an exact copy of the reference biopharmaceutical product. Currently, biosimilars are being incorporated into oncology treatment practices. The biosimilars used in oncology in the supportive care setting are known as oncology biosimilars.

关键词：生物仿制药；后续生物药品；专利保护；支持治疗

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miRNAs are single-stranded, small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the translation level. They play a vital role in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics to study expression of genes and to control diseases by gene silencing. They interact with mRNA molecules and regulate expression of genes by mRNA cleavage, translational repression, and deadenylation. They are generally 17-27 nucleotides long and regulate post-transcriptional mRNA expression by binding to the 3’ untranslated region of the mRNA sequence, which results in translational suppression and gene silencing. miRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, and several developmental processes such as stem cell differentiation, hypoxia, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, insulin secretion, cardiac and skeletal muscle development, aging, cholesterol metabolism, viral replication, and immune responses. They can be used as therapeutics for the treatment of some severe diseases including cancer and genetic disorders by introducing specific miRNAs into diseased cells to silence the defective gene.

关键词：miRNA；单链；非编码RNA分子；调节；基因表达；研究；诊断；治疗

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Antisense and RNAi therapeutics are new innovative therapeutic options that can be used for the treatment of serious chronic and rare diseases. RNAi is an RNA-based gene silencing process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by destroying specific mRNA molecules. Antisense technology involves the synthesis of a strand of nucleic acid that would bind to the disease-causing mRNA. It binds to the mRNA or to a splicing site on the pre-mRNA and inactivates it effectively. RNAi and antisense are two of the predominant technologies used by pharmaceutical companies, research institutes, and others for various applications in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. RNAi therapeutics offers a wide scope in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Two types of RNA molecules are used in RNAi technology: miRNA and siRNA. RNAi molecules bind to other specific RNAs in the cell, such as mRNA, to manage their activity to treat the RNA-mediated disorder.

关键词：反义；RNAi疗法；创新；治疗选择；慢性疾病；罕见疾病

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报告从产业动态、产业分析、技术趋势、企业跟踪、地方动向等几个方面对生物科技产业进行了分析评论。

关键词：生物科技；生物制药；医疗器械；产业分析；技术趋势；企业跟踪；地方动向

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Biobased polymers are materials in which at least one of the constituent polymers is produced rom renewable resources. Biobased polymers can be biodegradable or non-biodegradable.

关键词：生物基聚合物；高分子材料；可再生资源

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Biometrics is a technology that measures and analyzes physiological or behavioral patterns for authentication or identification. Physiological patterns include fingerprints, facial recognition,
DNA, palm print, hand geometry, and iris recognition, whereas, behavioral patterns include signature, keystroke dynamics, and voice recognition.

关键词：印度；生物；测定学；统计学；行为模式

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Biometrics is a technology that is used to identify, measure, and analyze the biological characteristics of an individual. Moreover, it is also used to analyze and validate individual characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints, iris, and hand geometry.

关键词：亚太地区；生物；测定学；统计学

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Microinjection polymer molding is a process used for the development of small-sized products that require ultra-fine resolution for molding. The process of microinjection molding is carried out for parts that weigh less than a milligram and measure less than a millimeter in size. However, they can also be used for large products that require micro-sized features. Microinjection polymer molding is used widely in various sectors such as Medical and Healthcare, Telecom and Electronics, and Automotive.

关键词：显微注射；成型聚合物；超精细分辨率；成型

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PGD testing involves the identification of genetic defects in embryos. It is primarily performed to identify single-gene disorders such as sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, hemophilia, Marfan’s disease, thalassemia, muscular distrophy, Tay-Sachs disease, and spinal muscular atrophy. PGD testing is generally carried out on people when they have a known genetic defect or in late-age pregnancy or if a woman has a history of repeated miscarriage. The transfer of an embryo into the uterus is done after PGD testing so that couples can make a decision about the consecutive steps they would like to take with regard to the IVF process. The technologies primarily used for PGD testing are PCR, FISH, CGH, and SNP. PCR is the most widely used technology in PGD. FISH testing is a technology that is beneficial in the determination of chromosomal abnormalities, X-linked diseases, and aneuploidy screening. CGH and SNP testing are advanced technologies in PGD that have a high accuracy in screening and diagnosis.

关键词：PGD测试；遗传缺陷；胚胎鉴定；识别；单基因疾病

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