Green technologies have been around since the first public health projects were set up in cities to provide people with clean drinking water. To date, a new generation of green technologies is expected to arrive, as pressures on resources grow and investors see healthy profit in a wide range of innovative products. Moreover, in an attempt to alleviate fossil fuel usage and CO_2 emissions, fuels, heat or electricity must be produced from biological sources in a way that is economic (and therefore efficient at a local scale), energetically (and greenhouse gas) efficient, environmentally friendly and not competitive with food production. Aims to advance the development of clean technologies using nanotechnology, to minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanotechnology products in general, to apply nano to solve legacy environmental problems, and to encourage replacement of existing products with new nanoproducts, bionanotechnology, a new crosscutting technology platform, will build an environmentally sustainable society in the 21st century. Therefore, aim to provide vital information about the growing field of nanomaterials formed by green nanotechnology for bioapplication to minimize the potential human health and environmental risk, the technologies included author's own research (such as nanoparticles/NPs, carbon nanotubes/CNTs, and membranes) based on bionanotechnology for the friendly environment are reviewed. Furthermore, the current development and future prospects related to the significantly feasible world's eco-bionanotechnology for the foreseeable future are also pointed out.

关键词：色纳米技术；生物纳米技术；人类健康；生态环境

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Text is a very important type of data within the biomedical domain. For example, patient records contain large amounts of text which has been entered in a non-standardized format, consequently posing a lot of challenges to processing of such data. For the clinical doctor the written text in the medical findings is still the basis for decision making -neither images nor multimedia data. However, the steadily increasing volumes of unstructured information need machine learning approaches for data mining, i.e. text mining. This paper provides a short, concise overview of some selected text mining methods, focusing on statistical methods, i.e. Latent Semantic Analysis, Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Principal Component Analysis, and Support Vector Machines, along with some examples from the biomedical domain. Finally, we provide some open problems and future challenges, particularly from the clinical domain, that we expect to stimulate future research.

关键词：文本挖掘；自然语言处理；非结构化信息；生物医学

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one of the materials of great interest for presenting a unique combination of relevant properties such as high surface area, magnetic behavior and low toxicity, which can find potential use in different processes and applications in areas as catalysis (Lu et al., 2007), data storage (Frey et al., 2009), water treatment (Meng et al., 2011), drug delivery system (Anirudhan et al., 2013b), DNA separation (Chiang et al., 2005), tissue engineering (Ito and Honda, 2007), sensors (Baby and Ramaprabhu, 2010), hyperthermia (Alphandery et al., 2012), ferrofluids (Hee Kim et al., 2005), and as contrast agents in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (Choi et al., 2004). Modification of the particle surface induces changes in some properties such as high magnetization values and stable water dispersion and recent advances in nanotechnology have improved the range of use of MNPs in diagnosis and therapy. Among the biological uses of MNPs, we can highlight the biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. Chemical modifications of the MNPs surface might result in non-toxic and biocompatible nanoparticles for biomedical applications like the development of new targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery systems for specific tissues. As previously mentioned, MNPs are used as a targeted carrier to be available for drug delivery to the specific site under the influence of a guiding magnet for treatment of diseases. Furthermore, MNPs offer excellent prospects for chemical and biological sensing. In the case of bioanalytical applications, MNPs can be adopted as nanoparticle-modined transducers for use as sensors and biomolecule-nanoparticle conjugates as labels for biosensing and bioassays. In the present review we will discuss current uses of MNPs in biomedicine and nanomedicine.

关键词：磁性纳米粒子；生物分子；生物医药

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In this chapter, a detailed discussion on the salient features of structures of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids is presented. Intermolecular interactions leading to phase separation, coacervation and nano-particle formation is discussed herein. Biomolecular solutions exist as gels, coacervates, dispersions and melts with each of these phases having its signature physico-chemical properties, which is discussed in this chapter. The discussions are supported by robust experimental data obtained from an array of methods like turbidimetry, elecrophoresis, viscosity, light scattering etc. The inevitability of the phenomenon of self-organization in biopolymers results in the generation of a variety of soft matter phases which do not, however, make it predictable. For instance, the associative aggregation is a process which remains obscure, as every protein aggregates in a different manner under different conditions. One known feature to the aggregation of proteins is the strong dependence upon pH, salt concentration and temperature. Beyond the influence of these factors and their effects on aggregation, the process is not well understood. An increase in protein usage in biomedical and pharmaceutical studies implicates protein aggregation in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other diseases, and have placed a growing importance upon understanding this behaviour in general. Comparison of the system to other protein-polyelectrolyte systems suggests that the preferential binding of the two could be a result of complexation of the two molecules which often lead to coacervation. Such association can even occur at pH greater than the isoelectric points (pI), when the net charge of protein is of the same sign as that of polyelectrolyte. Such binding though prevalent in nature is not well understood. In summary, a comprehensive account of biomolecular phase states and their inherent attributes are presented in this review.

关键词：蛋白质；碳水化合物；生物分子；生物医学

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The chapter describes research of biomedical applications of experimental polymer devices prepared from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with different chemical structure in the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS and Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) between 2000 and 2012. The high-purity PHA specimens were investigated and then used to prepare surgical sutures, 2D and 3D dense and porous matrices, microparticles, monofilament fibers, fully resorbable tubular stents, and polymer coatings. The polymer devices that differed in their shape and mass were introduced into muscles, bones, blood vessels, and internal organs in order to investigate the response of tissues with different structure to the implants. The studies showed that PHAs were highly biocompatible with different tissues and their implantation for extended periods of time did not induce adverse responses of the blood system, cells, tissues, or the entire organism. The authors proved that PHAs can be effectively used as prosthetic implants, suture material, bone-replacing implants, and matrices for drug delivery.

关键词：PHA；生物医学研究；手术缝合线

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关键词：基因组学；转录；基因本体；积分

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Carbon-coated magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthetized by the mechanochemical method with hematite as precursor and amorphous carbon as inorganic reductor. After 18 hours of milling in an inert atmosphere, a nanocomposite material of magnetite and carbon was obtained. Structural and magnetic properties of the NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometry. XRD patterns, refined with the Rietveld method, show that magnetite is present in samples milled from 6 hours onward and that after milling for 18 hours and annealing in Ar, the sample contains a single crystalline phase. Magnetization curves for samples with different milling times show saturation magnetization values that range from 34.1 emu/g after 1 h to 78.0 emu/g after 18 h. Coercive fields are about 500 Oe for all samples. TEM studies reveal that the samples are made of amorphous carbon clusters with magnetite NPs of 20 nm. The obtained NPs, associated to electrochemical transducers, show an improved enhancement of the charge transfer for redox processes involving different bioanalytes. Thus, these NPs offer unique properties as a catalyst in biosensing strategies for the electrochemical detection of high-impact markers and the development of theranostics smart-devices for biomedical applications.

关键词：磁性纳米粒子；过氧化氢；生物医学

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由于人力资源成本和产业结构升级的需求驱动，未来至少20 年里，我国机器人产业将迎来发展机遇，但主要市场仍被KUKA、ABB、Fanuc 和安川等国际巨头占据，本土产业领跑者有望快速成长，强者愈强。

关键词：国际机器人产业；高峰论坛

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关键词：台湾；新兴产业

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Materials capable of responding to external stimuli including pH, temperature, magnetic and electric field, undergoing conformational changes are considered to be one of the most exciting and emerging classes of advanced materials receiving considerable scientific interest especially in the biomedical field. Stimuli-responsive polymers in the form of micro- or nanofibers have received great attention during the last 10 years and have been exploited in a diverse range of biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioseparation and biosensing. One of the most popular and versatile fiber fabrication methods used for the production of fibers is electrospinning. Its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and applicability not only to pristine synthetic and natural polymers but also to composites, enables the development of polymer-based fibrous nanocomposites via the combination of polymers with inorganic nanofillers. Among such nanoadditives, magnetic nanoparticles capable of interacting with an externally applied magnetic field, are particularly attractive owing to their potential biomedical applications including magnetically-triggered drug delivery, magnetic cell seeding, magnetic bioseparation, hypothermia cancer treatment and contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. In this chapter, an introductory section on electrospinning and on different parameters influencing this process is initially provided. The different fabrication routes for generating electrospun magnetoactive polymer-based (nano)fibrous materials are briefly discussed and finally the applicability of these materials in the biomedical field including tissue engineering, drug delivery, hypethermia treatment and biosensing is reviewed.

关键词：静电磁；复合材料；生物医学

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