The chapter describes research of biomedical applications of experimental polymer devices prepared from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with different chemical structure in the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS and Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) between 2000 and 2012. The high-purity PHA specimens were investigated and then used to prepare surgical sutures, 2D and 3D dense and porous matrices, microparticles, monofilament fibers, fully resorbable tubular stents, and polymer coatings. The polymer devices that differed in their shape and mass were introduced into muscles, bones, blood vessels, and internal organs in order to investigate the response of tissues with different structure to the implants. The studies showed that PHAs were highly biocompatible with different tissues and their implantation for extended periods of time did not induce adverse responses of the blood system, cells, tissues, or the entire organism. The authors proved that PHAs can be effectively used as prosthetic implants, suture material, bone-replacing implants, and matrices for drug delivery.

关键词：PHA；生物医学研究；手术缝合线

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关键词：基因组学；转录；基因本体；积分

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Carbon-coated magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthetized by the mechanochemical method with hematite as precursor and amorphous carbon as inorganic reductor. After 18 hours of milling in an inert atmosphere, a nanocomposite material of magnetite and carbon was obtained. Structural and magnetic properties of the NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometry. XRD patterns, refined with the Rietveld method, show that magnetite is present in samples milled from 6 hours onward and that after milling for 18 hours and annealing in Ar, the sample contains a single crystalline phase. Magnetization curves for samples with different milling times show saturation magnetization values that range from 34.1 emu/g after 1 h to 78.0 emu/g after 18 h. Coercive fields are about 500 Oe for all samples. TEM studies reveal that the samples are made of amorphous carbon clusters with magnetite NPs of 20 nm. The obtained NPs, associated to electrochemical transducers, show an improved enhancement of the charge transfer for redox processes involving different bioanalytes. Thus, these NPs offer unique properties as a catalyst in biosensing strategies for the electrochemical detection of high-impact markers and the development of theranostics smart-devices for biomedical applications.

关键词：磁性纳米粒子；过氧化氢；生物医学

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由于人力资源成本和产业结构升级的需求驱动，未来至少20 年里，我国机器人产业将迎来发展机遇，但主要市场仍被KUKA、ABB、Fanuc 和安川等国际巨头占据，本土产业领跑者有望快速成长，强者愈强。

关键词：国际机器人产业；高峰论坛

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关键词：台湾；新兴产业

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Materials capable of responding to external stimuli including pH, temperature, magnetic and electric field, undergoing conformational changes are considered to be one of the most exciting and emerging classes of advanced materials receiving considerable scientific interest especially in the biomedical field. Stimuli-responsive polymers in the form of micro- or nanofibers have received great attention during the last 10 years and have been exploited in a diverse range of biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioseparation and biosensing. One of the most popular and versatile fiber fabrication methods used for the production of fibers is electrospinning. Its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and applicability not only to pristine synthetic and natural polymers but also to composites, enables the development of polymer-based fibrous nanocomposites via the combination of polymers with inorganic nanofillers. Among such nanoadditives, magnetic nanoparticles capable of interacting with an externally applied magnetic field, are particularly attractive owing to their potential biomedical applications including magnetically-triggered drug delivery, magnetic cell seeding, magnetic bioseparation, hypothermia cancer treatment and contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. In this chapter, an introductory section on electrospinning and on different parameters influencing this process is initially provided. The different fabrication routes for generating electrospun magnetoactive polymer-based (nano)fibrous materials are briefly discussed and finally the applicability of these materials in the biomedical field including tissue engineering, drug delivery, hypethermia treatment and biosensing is reviewed.

关键词：静电磁；复合材料；生物医学

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报告从产业动态、产业分析、技术趋势、企业跟踪、地方动向等几个方面对生物科技产业进行了分析评论。

关键词：生物科技；生物制药；医疗器械；产业分析；技术趋势；企业跟踪；地方动向

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The development of genome and proteomic technologies is related, first of all, to the progress recently achieved in developing of high-sensitivity, rapid methods for registration and analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. One of such methods, combining high sensitivity and high response speed, is the nanowire (NW) detection technique. This technique allows one to register analyte species in real time without using labels. Nowadays, the concentration sensitivity of such systems in registering proteins and DNAs reaches the femtomolar level. In the present chapter, we consider nanowire sensor systems based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. We discuss the achieved potential in detecting low-copy proteins with the help of nanowire systems. We show that it is possible to use not only antibodies, but also aptamers, as probing molecules for biospecific protein detection. We also discuss the possibility of using nanowire detectors in genome studies.

关键词：基因组；蛋白质检测；纳米线传感器

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Bioactive materials refer to a group of materials including composites, ceramics, and glasses that interact with biological systems and aid in repair and replacement of diseased tissue or bone. Bioactive glasses are an important category of bioactive materials that promote self-healing by interacting with body fluids and tissues without affecting the health and tissues of living organisms. They have a wide range of applications in surgical procedures, especially in tissue replacement and tissue repair. Bioactive glasses are composed of silicon, calcium, sodium, and phosphorus. They are widely used in orthopedics, followed by dentistry and cosmetic applications. They are commercially available in various forms such as powders, nano-powders, and granules.

关键词：生物活性材料；生物系统；修理；替换；患病组织；骨；促进；自我愈合；体液；组织

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The book is addressed to beginners in molecular biology, especially to computer scientists who would like to work as bioinformaticians (computational biologists). Bioinformatics, which could be defined as the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine, has been rapidly developing over the past few decades. It generates new knowledge as well as the computational tools to create that knowledge. Certainly, understanding of the basic processes in living organisms is indispensable for bioinformaticians in the creation of knowledge. The book contains information about these processes presented in a condensed manner. Additionally, principles of several high-throughput technologies in molecular biology, which need the assistance of bioinformaticians, are explained from a biological point of view. Although some processes observed in living organisms are described here in a more detailed fashion, the book may be treated as an introduction to molecular biology. Thus it could be the first choice for people who are unfamiliar with the subject.

关键词：分子生物学；医药；生物信息学；计算机科学

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