Beer, the most widely consumed beverage in Europe after tea and water, is brewed with four main ingredients, which are as follows: Malts: Though barley is mostly used, other cereals such as wheat, oats, maize, and rice can be used. Hops or other natural flavors: These add bitterness to the beer and act as preservatives. Water: Usually, hard water is preferred for brewing light ale and soft water for mild ale and stout.

The inland waterway transportation system in the US is one of the world’s most efficient transportation systems with a network of interconnected rivers and canals. Over 1 billion short tons of cargo are moved annually, which makes it a vital part of the US cargo transportation system. Barge transportation is the most efficient and safest means of transporting bulk commodities when compared to railroads and trucks. A barge is a flat-bottomed boat used to transport dry and liquid-bulk cargo through inland waterways. The capacity of barges to carry cargo is greater than rail cars, trucks, and semi-trailers, making it a very cost-effective mode of transportation. The cargo capacity of an average inland tank barge is equivalent to more than 40 railroad tank cars or 140 tractor-trailer tank trucks. Barges are non-mechanical and are propelled using a towboat or any other similar vessel. However, self-propelled barges are also gaining traction in the market.

The market will grow steadily at the rate of 7.05% during the forecast period due to increased awareness of sexual wellness products such as erection rings, which are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors and are sold through retailers. The high sales of erection rings can also be attributed to a rapid surge in internet penetration, which has helped connect sellers and buyers, propelling the chances of increasing the sales opportunity for erection ring providers, as well as providing options to choose from a broad range of erection rings for consumers.

The process used to create objects of a uniform cross-sectional profile is known as extrusion. The material to be extruded is pushed through a die of the desired crosssection. The extrusion process may be semi-continuous as well as the continuous process. It can be carried out on hot as well as cold materials. Some commonly extruded materials include metals, polymers, concrete, ceramics, and foodstuffs.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is one of the most energy-intensive systems in commercial and residential buildings. HVAC insulation is crucial to the energy efficiency, performance, and sustainability of HVAC systems. HVAC insulation helps in controlling the heat that is dissipated through conduction, convection, and radiation. Apart from their unique thermal properties, insulation materials also provide protection against sound, fire, and physical impact.

Location-enabled mobile devices include smartphones, tablets, and devices fitted in vehicles. The location of such devices is determined by a mechanism known as localization, which considers the user's browsing activities related to navigation, lifestyle, shopping, social networking, public transportation, utilities, and games. Indoor LBS provide information regarding ongoing local events, shopping, and entertainment with the support of mobile devices. They have become a key component of marketing strategies and monitoring systems.

Metal casting is a manufacturing process in which metal (molten or liquid) is poured into a mold made of sand or ceramic plaster. The mold contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape to form geometrically complex parts. Metal casting finds application in planes, trains, mining, construction, electrical equipment, oil wells, pipes, toys, space shuttles, wind turbines, and nuclear plants.

Integrated circuits and microchips have revolutionized industrial automation. The earliest example of a single board single purpose design is the PC/104, which had accessory boards to accommodate many application needs, but was as large as a 3.5- inch floppy disk. Chip manufacturers subsequently improvised and developed single board systems with smaller processors that can perform advanced functions. The system-on-module (SOM) and system-on-chip (SoC) are advanced computerised platforms, which comprise processors, I/O functions, and communication interfaces. They are ubiquitous and serve a broad range of applications starting from a calculator to industrial controls to space technology. Currently, more than 2 billion microcontrollers are developed and manufactured every year.

UPS systems provide emergency power when the main power supply fails. These systems are used to protect equipment and machinery from unexpected power disruptions that could result in loss of productivity. UPS systems are of two types — online and offline.

Injection molding is the most commonly used manufacturing process for the fabrication of plastic parts. Injection molding is used to manufacture a wide variety of products, which vary considerably in their dimensions, complex structures, and end-use applications. The injection molding is done by an injection molding machine and requires plastic and the typical raw material, and a shaping mold. The molding machine melts the plastic, which is then injected into the mold, where it cools and solidifies into the final part.