Steel casting is a manufacturing process used to create steel components by pouring molten steel into a mold to solidify into a desired shape. This process is a type of metal casting, where the material is melted to a liquid form and then poured into a mold to produce objects of various sizes and complexities. The steel casting process can be broken down into several phases, including mold preparation, melting and pouring the steel, cooling and solidifying the metal, and post-processing. Steel casting allows the production of intricate and complex shapes that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with other manufacturing methods. The molds used in steel casting are typically made of sand, metal, or ceramics, depending on the process and the intended application of the casting

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Coated steel refers to steel that has been covered with a protective layer such as zinc, aluminum-zinc alloy, or organic coatings to enhance its resistance to corrosion, wear, and environmental damage. These coatings not only improve the durability and lifespan of material but also add aesthetic value and functionality for use in construction, automotive, appliances, and other industrial applications.

Aluminum die casting is a metal casting process that involves injecting molten aluminum alloy into a mold, also known as a die, under high pressure. This process allows for the creation of intricate and detailed parts with high precision. Aluminum die casting is widely used across industries due to its ability to produce lightweight yet strong and durable components.

High purity zinc refers to zinc metal that has been refined to a purity level of 99.995% or higher. This high degree of purity is essential for applications requiring precise chemical properties, such as in electronics, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and specialty alloys. The absence of impurities in high purity zinc ensures optimal performance in sensitive processes, where even trace contaminants could compromise the desired outcomes.

Products that are flat-rolled using cold and hot rolling techniques, such as coils, sheets, and plates, are referred to as aluminum flat-rolled products (FRPs). The building, construction, automotive, and transportation industries make extensive use of these products.

Iron castings refer to objects or components that are produced by pouring molten iron into a mold and allowing it to solidify and take the shape of the mold.

Sinter plants turns raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and scrap steel into crude steel by the blast furnacebasic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) method. Sinter plants are a part of integrated steel plants. The output of a sinter plant is called a sinter, which is then crushed, cooled and screened for any dust which is primary feed for steel production.

Metal additive manufacturing is the process of manufacturing metal components by laying down layers of metal-based materials based on the shape of the object. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of making 3D parts by successively laying down layers of materials. Each of these layers is a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the final object. The structures and shapes of the objects or components are created with the help of a digital format. The current report discusses metal additive manufacturing equipment and devices.

Aluminum is much lighter than steel and has numerous advantages over other materials, such as flexibility, the automotive sector's largest segment is increasingly focusing on using aluminum rather than steel and iron to produce components and parts using die-casting machinery.