Once fully implemented, SMS is an operational system. However, there is a significant amount of planning and activity required to bring SMS from inception to normal operations. Program management is the set of structures, tools, activities, and personnel that is employed by airports to realize a fully functional and operational SMS.

关键词：电子信息；安全管理系统（SMS）；操作系统；项目管理

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A Principal Component Analysis based Fault Detection method is proposed here to detect faults in etch process of semiconductor manufacturing. The main idea of this method is to calculate the loading vector and build the fault detection model according to training data. Using this model, the main information of fault data can be obtained immediately and easily. Also the principal component subspace and residual subspace can be constructed. Then, faults are detected by calculating Squared Prediction Error. Finally, an industrial example of Lam 9600 TCP metal etcher at Texas Instruments is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed PCA-based method in fault detection, and the results show that it has such advantages as simple algorithm and low time cost, thus especially adapts to the real time fault detection of semiconductor manufacturing.

关键词：电子信息；半导体；腐蚀；故障检测

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The ACRP Guidebook defines safety policy as, "the fundamental approach to managing safety that is to be adopted within an organization. Safety policy further defines the organization's commitment to safety and overall safety vision" (Ayers et al. 2009). The FAA states that "Safety Policy provides the foundation or framework for the SMS. It outlines the methods and tools for achieving desired safety outcomes. Safety Policy also details management's responsibility and accountability for safety" (FAA 2010).

关键词：电子信息；安全管理；系统；政策

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Almost a decade since the first report of a sub-500-fs mode-locked VECSEL we see a rapid growth of interest in this field, with many new results; shorter pulses, enhanced power levels, new spectral regions, improved device structures, and steady growth of physical insight. However, it is worth noting how much is still not understood. The SESAM structures used with these lasers vary over a huge range in material and design: so that mechanisms and techniques tested for mode-locked VECSELs in one material system may not be applicable to devices in another. With so few data points, even now, it is difficult to draw conclusions that are either firm or general.

关键词：电子信息；半导体；激光器；面发射

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Safety Promotion includes processes and procedures used to create an environment where safety objectives can be achieved. Safety promotion is essential to create an organization's positive safety culture. Safety culture is characterized by knowledge and understanding of an organization's SMS, effective communications, competency in job responsibilities, ongoing training, and information sharing. Safety Promotion elements include training programs, communication of critical safety issues, and confidential reporting systems (FA A 2010).

关键词：电子信息；安全管理系统（SMS）；安全文化；促进

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At the core of SMS is the component relating to safety risk management. The ICAO defines SRM as "... a generic term that encompasses the assessment and mitigation of the safety risks of the consequences of hazards that threaten the capabilities of an organization, to a level as low as reasonably practicable. The objective of Safety Risk Management is to provide the foundations for a balanced allocation of resources between all assessed safety risks and those safety risks the control and mitigation of which is viable" (ICAO 2009). The FAA currently defines SRM as "the composite of the likelihood (i.e., risk) of the potential effect of a hazard, and predicted severity of that effect. As an example, the possibility of an overshoot by an aircraft landing on an icy runway would be considered a safety risk of the hazard. The hazard is "icy runway" and the risk is "possibility of an overshoot" (FAA 2007).

关键词：电子信息；安全管理系统（SMS）；风险

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FAA states in its NPRM, "Safety Assurance is a set of processes that monitor the organization's performance in meeting its current safety standards and objectives as well as contribute to continuous safety improvement." Safety assurance essentially serves as a checks-and-balances system to ensure that SMS processes and procedures and risk mitigation strategies are having their intended effect (FAA 2010). ICAO states, Assurance can simply be defined as "something that gives confidence." The Safety Risk Management process in the SMS starts with the organization obtaining a good understanding of its operational processes and the environments in which it operates; progresses through hazard identification, safety risk assessment and safety risk mitigation, and culminates in development and implementation of appropriate safety risk controls (ICAO 2009).

关键词：电子信息；安全管理系统（SMS）；系统；保证

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Crowdsourced labor has successfully tackled a variety of rote tasks like image tagging and transcription, but has difficulty accomplishing complex tasks. Visual design critique is a crucial part of the design process for improving upon existing work, but it is a complex task that requires some implicit knowledge of design concepts on the part of the critiquer. In this report, we propose a model for crowdsourcing visual design critique to enable online workers who lack background knowledge to provide useful feedback on designs. Our model organizes the “crit” around a set of design principles, and asks workers to select relevant statements about design principles and provide freeform comments within the scope of the selected statements. We
evaluate two variants of a critiquing system we built based on this model (CrowdCritter) through a study with 73 participants. We found that the integration of a set of design principles allowed novice workers to provide more critiques than freeform feedback alone. We were unable to identify significant differences between the two variants of CrowdCritter in the quality and level of agreement of critiques produced through each interface.

关键词：众包劳动力；视觉设计批判；接口

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This dissertation addresses some of these issues：We begin with an active learning strategy for spectral clustering when the cost of assessing individual similarities is substantial or prohibitive.Next, we consider active learning in Bayesian models.Our third contribution looks at the e ects of randomized subsampling on Gaussian process models that make predictions about outliers and rare events. Finally, we turn to a theoretical evaluation of randomized subsampling for the purpose of inferring rankings of objects.

关键词：二次取样；贝叶斯模型；随机取样

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Natural user interfaces (NUI) are the new standard in human computer interaction; they involve communication based on human senses and include (among others) voice recognition, motion detection, and touch interaction.This paper focuses on the automatic generation of these exercises in the context of a Kinect based application. We make two contributions: First, an XML-based exercise de nition language that describes exercises as a sequence of distinct poses; second, a method to create exercise de nitions from user demonstrations.We make two contributions: First, an XML-based exercise de nition language that describes exercises as a sequence of distinct poses; second, a method to create exercise de nitions from user demonstrations.

关键词：自然用户界面；NUI；远程理疗；人机交互；XML

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