In October 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the report Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluating the Evidence, assessing the published evidence for the effectiveness of using cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) to treat people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has gained increasing attention in the past 15 years because of its status as the signature wound of American military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Growing numbers of U.S. service members are suffering traumatic brain injuries and are surviving them, given that (a) the majority of traumatic brain injuries are mild and (b) lifesaving measures for more severe injuries have significantly improved. People with any level of injury can require ongoing health care in their recovery, helping them to regain (or compensate for) their losses of function and supporting their full integration into their social structure and an improved quality of life.

关键词：康复技术；脑外伤康复；康复治疗

查看摘要 索取原文[70页]

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)  co-occur at a high rate in Soldiers and Veterans. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence-based treatments for those dealing with mTBI/PTSD symptoms and their exacerbation by stress. Using a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded design, the current study is testing the following hypothesis: active acupressure (more than Placebo) will reduce the adverse effects of stress in Veterans with co-occurring mTBI/PTSD, which will be evident in measures of anxiety, perceived stress, distress, psychiatric health, memory and in a laboratory stress task. Veterans have been recruited since regulatory approval was obtained (August 2012) and enrolled in the study in an ongoing manner, with several having already completed the study protocol or being in process. Because the study is ongoing, there are no data to report as of yet. The findings of the present study hold significant military significance: a safe, portable, low-cost, efficacious and accessible treatment strategy would benefit Veterans, family members and the military/VA health care systems. Results of the ongoing study will determine if acupressure is such a treatment strategy.

关键词：医药；创伤后应激障碍；创伤性脑损伤

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

This document presents the original research programs on the space medicine and the medical engneering. It includes the literature review.

关键词：医药；航天医学；医学工程；空间环境

查看摘要 索取原文[84页]

Microbiological testing plays an ever increasing role in delivering high quality drug products to patients, whether it's practiced in the pharmaceutical laboratory and in the manufacturing environment. In response to the drive for continuous improvement and further economies, a variety of new methodologies have emerged in recent years which automate existing methods, make use of
surrogate markers for growth, or are based on wholly new technologies. These new methodologies offer significant improvements in terms of the speed, accuracy, precision and specificity with which testing can be performed. However, in spite of the limitations of current culture methods, acceptance of new and potentially superior methods has only started to gain momentum within the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries. We believe this continues to be due in part to a lack of clear guidance regarding the demonstration of their equivalence to existing methods acceptable to regulatory agencies and validation of the equipment associated with the new methods. In any case, many of these new rapid methods may have a role to play in other applications including missions in space where we want to know the impact of microorganisms on space travel, as well as what microorganisms might be waiting to be discovered.

关键词：医药；微生物学；医疗设备；制药工业；生物技术

查看摘要 索取原文[22页]

Sustainable Solid Waste Program: MISSION, VISION, GUIDING PRINCIPALS. MISSION: Provide policy, guidance, and direction to institutionalize and execute sustainable solid resource and waste management practices throughout NRSW for all activities that generate non-hazardous solid waste. Holistic Approach that Emphasizes Resource / Commodity Management Develop Management Approaches for Different Navy Communities. Promote a Culture of Resourcefulness vs. Wastefulness. VISION: By 2012, NRSW will have a fully institutionalized Sustainable Solid Waste Management Program that is efficiently and effectively executed. Move towards SSW s 2020 Vision NOTHING WASTED . GUIDING PRINCIPALS: Use RCRA definition of non-hazardous solid waste and DoD s solid waste hierarchy of: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Disposal only as a last resort. Leadership has a role to promote a culture of resourcefulness versus wastefulness.

关键词：固体废物；可持续发展；政策；指导；无害物

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

Cyber physical systems such as buildings contain entities (devices, appliances, etc.) that consume a multitude of resources (power, water, etc.). Efficient operation of these entities is important for reducing operating costs and environmental footprint of buildings. In this paper, we propose an entity characterization framework based on a finite state machine abstraction. Each state in the state machine is characterized in terms of distributions of sustainability or performance metrics of interest. This framework provides a basis for anomaly detection, assessment, prediction and usage pattern discovery. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework using data from actual building entities. In particular, we apply our methodology to chillers and cooling towers, components of a building HVAC system.

关键词：实体描述框架；设备/实体绩效评估；效率标杆；异态检测；资源规划

查看摘要 索取原文[9页]

In assessing the potential health risks associated with exposure to pesticides, attention has historically focused on single pathways of exposure (e.g., from pesticide residues in food, water, or residential/nonoccupational uses) for individual chemicals, and not on the potential for individuals to be exposed to multiple pesticides by all pathways concurrently. In 1996, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) imposed upon the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) the requirement to consider potential human health risks from all pathways of dietary and nondietary exposures to more than one pesticide acting through a common mechanism of toxicity. This document provides guidance to OPP scientists for evaluating and estimating the potential human risks associated with such multichemical and multipathway exposures to pesticides. This process is referred to as cumulative risk assessment.

关键词：农药；毒性；风险评估；剂量反应；累积风险

查看摘要 索取原文[94页]

Pesticide contamination of groundwater is a major concern in agricultural areas. Of the many remediation technologies developed in the last decade, zero-valent iron is among the most studied. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with its unique properties and high surface area, enhances many of the advantages of traditional iron remediation. Unfortunately, studies comprehensively examining the utility of iron nanoparticles for pesticide remediation are lacking. The intent of this work is to survey the effectiveness of iron nanoparticles for several common chlorinated pesticides and to comprehensively study the reaction kinetics.Specifically, this study examined the effectiveness of iron nanoparticles for the treatment of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, dicamba and picloram. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized by the borohydride reduction method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The resulting particles had an average diameter of 35 nm and a N2-BET specific surface area of 25 m(2) g(-1). Of the compounds studied, only alachlor degraded in the presence of nZVI. The surface area normalized pseudo first-order rate constant (kSA) for alachlor dechlorination by nZVI was found to be 38.5 x 10(-5) L h(-1) m(-2) (R(2) = 0.999). The primary reaction by-product was identified as dechlorinated alachlor. The effect of ionic strength was also examined. The results suggested that nZVI might be a viable option for both site remediation and low volume, high concentration pesticide waste treatment.

关键词：农药；地下水；污染；水减轻污染；废物处理；反应动力学；建模

查看摘要 索取原文[27页]

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) has overall responsibility for the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program and for the Verification of Pesticide Drift Reduction Technologies project under the Environmental and Sustainable Technology Evaluation's (ESTE) Program. The EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is a major contributor to the project. Management and testing of pesticide drift reduction technologies (DRTs) will be performed in accordance with procedures and protocols defined by a series of Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) quality management documents.

关键词：农药；空气污染控制；农作物；风洞试验；色散关系；减少农药漂移技术(DRTs)；空气污染控制技术

查看摘要 索取原文[29页]

Field replicate water samples ('field Replicates') collected for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program during 1992 to 1997 were used to assess the variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in environmental water samples collected from the surface and ground-water-quality networks of the NAWQA Program. Field replicates are two or more identically collected, processed, and analyzed environmental water samples that are used to assess the overall variability of field and laboratory procedures. Variability is the degree of random error in independent measurements of the same quantity and is the opposite of precision-the degree of mutual agreement. Information on variability can be used to estimate the reproducibility of individual measurements, the concentration needed to be assured of exceeding a water-quality standard, and the likelihood that two measurements of water quality are different.

关键词：农药；水质

查看摘要 索取原文[90页]