The study analyzes the potential market penetration in Arizona of various types of alternate energy vehicles. The market penetration is analyzed in terms of changes in the price of fuel, tax incentives, costs of conversion and consumer attitudes. Short term market penetration, in the absence of legal intervention, is expected to amount to a very small fraction of the total operating fleet of motor vehicles.

关键词：能源汽车；燃料；价格

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Light field (multi-view) displays are often designed to support horizontal parallax only (HPO) since this significantly reduces complexity compared to full parallax, and is commonly assumed to only cause small losses in 3D perceptual quality. In reality all HPO displays can produce severe geometric distortions because they use different projections in the horizontal and vertical directions. These distortions depend of observer's position, and can only be eliminated in pre-defined viewing distances. In this paper we extend previous work on the theoretical analysis of the problem to create tools to manage the problem, enabling creators of multi-view 3D content to keep the distortion within acceptable ranges for all objects in a 3D scene, and all expected viewing positions. We present examples of simulated views of HPO displays, which demonstrate how the distortions can affect visual appearance, and how they are managed.

关键词：光场显示；多视角显示器视差

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When you think about cloud computing and software testing, you want to be able to testfrom two perspectives — testing applications and services before they are released andtesting after they are released. Pre-release cloud service testing is not trivial because cloudcomputing opens up the potential for highly distributed computing running on some opaqueand heterogeneous infrastructures. Also, the structure of cloud computing itself has spawneda range of new services that can be used to facilitate testing; for example, the elasticity of thecloud improves load and performance testing by allowing developers to rapidly and cheaplyscale their software. In this article, the author describes the interplay of cloud computing andsoftware testing from these two perspectives.

关键词：单元测试；部署；智能云

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It is well known that a tree model does not always admit a finite-state machine (FSM) representation with the same (minimal) number of parameters. Therefore, known characterizations of type classes for FSMs do not apply, in general, to tree models. In this paper, the type class of a sequence with respect to a given context tree T is studied. An exact formula is derived for the size of the class, extending Whittle's formula for type classes with respect to FSMs. The derivation is more intricate than in the FSM case, since some basic properties of FSM types do not hold in general for tree types. The derivation also yields an efficient enumeration of the tree type class. A formula for the number of type classes with respect to $T$ is also derived. The formula is asymptotically tight up to a multiplicative constant and also extends the corresponding result for FSMs. The asymptotic behavior of the number of type classes, and of the size of a class, are expressed in terms of the so- called minimal canonical extension of T, a tree that is generally larger than T but smaller than its FSM closure.

关键词：上下文树；类型的方法；枚举；马尔可夫链；数据压缩

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An electrical vehicle environment was established to promote research and technology development in the area of high power energy management. The project incorporates a topology that permits parallel development of an alternative energy delivery system and an energy storage system. The objective of the project is to develop technologies, specifically power electronics, energy storage electronics and controls that provide efficient and effective energy management between electrically powered devices in alternative energy vehicles--plug-in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, range extended vehicles, and hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles. In order to meet the project objectives, the Vehicle Energy Management System (VEMS) was defined and subsystem requirements were obtained. Afterwards, power electronics, energy storage electronics and controls were designed. Finally, these subsystems were built, tested individually, and integrated into an electric vehicle system to evaluate and optimize the subsystems performance.

关键词：能源存储系统；电动汽车；能源管理；燃料电池；混合动力车；插件电动汽车

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This paper presents a climbing robot, with wheeled locomotion and adhesion through permanent magnets. This machine was developed to be used in the inspection of several types of man-made ferromagnetic structures, such as towers for wind turbines, fuel storage tanks, ship hulls, etc., in order to, for instance, detect weaknesses due to corrosion. In this article are presented the main aspects taken into consideration for its design, as well as several constructive aspects, among which are detailed its mechanical and electrical construction, the implemented control architecture and the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for its control. The distinguishing characteristic of this robot is its dynamic adjustment system of the permanent magnets to assure the machine adhesion to the surfaces when crossing slightly irregular and curved surfaces with a large radius.

关键词：机器人 磁轮式

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This is a non-technical personal view paper describing how I arrived to the field of fuzzy sets and systems, getting around on the roads opened by Professor Zadeh. Then it is followed by some comments on fuzziness and on the future. The first time I heard of fuzzy sets was during a seminar of Arnold Kaufmann (later on I also read an interview of L.A. Zadeh, called "Les ensembles Flous - un concept precis", in l'lnformatique, 1970) while he was presenting Zadeh's theory and his own research. He was carrying with him the manuscript of his first book on the subject.

关键词：机器人；蝴蝶；模糊集

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This chapter introduces the basic concepts of autonomous navigation of mobile robots and the utility of using vision as the sensing mechanism in achieving the desired objectives. The chapter discusses the broad categories of vision-based navigation in indoor and outdoor environments. Different prominent directions of research in this context are introduced and also different broad modalities of obstacle detection and avoidance are presented.

关键词：机器人；移动；导航

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Provenance, a meta-data describing the derivation history of data, is crucial for the uptake of cloud computing to enhance reliability, credibility, accountability, transparency, and confidentiality of digital objects in a cloud. In this paper, we survey current mechanisms that support provenance for cloud computing, we classify provenance according to its granularities encapsulating the various sets of provenance data for different use cases, and we summarize the challenges and requirements for collecting provenance in a cloud, based on which we show the gap between current approaches to requirements. Additionally, we propose our approach, DataPROVE, that aims to effectively and efficiently satisfy those challenges and requirements in cloud provenance, and to provide a provenance supplemented cloud for better integrity and safety of customers' data.

关键词：云计算；数据来源；问责制的透明度

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Generally speaking, a robot can physically interact with the environment by the sequential execution of two actions: that of achieving a suitable contact configuration, and the subsequent motion required by the task.

关键词：机器人；环境；交互

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