In this work we describe the design of an adaptable decision support system and its integration with a wireless sensor/actuator network (WSAN) to implement zone specific irrigation control in greenhouses via wireless communication. Our research has focused on the provision for proactive applications by deploying sensor networks and connecting sensor data with actuators through an ontology-based decision-making layer. The system developed provides for realtime monitoring and control of both agricultural inputs and outputs (irrigation control). A simple rule editor is also provided through a graphical user interface for the domain-expert to specify the knowledge base.

关键词：光机电；传感器；执行器；温室灌溉

查看摘要 索取原文[20页]

The miniaturization of a sound detection system is of great interest to applications such as sniper location. Current systems in use are larger and do not provide for the unencumbered movement of the warfighter. Inspiration for a smaller MEMS based sensor is therefore taken from the aural system of the fly Ormia ochracea. The focus of this thesis is the design of an integrated and miniaturized device utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf readout electronics with the biologically inspired sensor. An analysis of previously used techniques is presented along with a novel fullyintegrated miniaturized design. Specific investigations include integration with external readout electronics, a hybrid discrete component design, and the fully-integrated single package design. Results include successful operation at all levels of integration and a more thorough analysis of the performance of the fully-integrated design.

关键词：光机电；传感器；MEMS；集成

查看摘要 索取原文[78页]

Currently in the United States, periodic sensor recalibration is required for all safety-related sensors, typically occurring at every refueling outage, and it has emerged as a critical path item for shortening outage duration in some plants. Online monitoring can be employed to identify those sensors that require calibration, allowing for calibration of only those sensors that need it. International application of calibration monitoring has shown that sensors may operate for longer periods within calibration tolerances. This issue is expected to also be important as the United States looks to the next generation of reactor designs (such as small modular reactors and advanced concepts), given the anticipated longer refueling cycles, proposed advanced sensors, and digital instrumentation and control systems. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) accepted the general concept of online monitoring for sensor calibration monitoring in 2000, but no U.S. plants have been granted the necessary license amendment to apply it. This report presents a state-of-the-art assessment of online calibration monitoring in the nuclear power industry, including sensors, calibration practice, and online monitoring algorithms. This assessment identifies key research needs and gaps that prohibit integration of the NRC-approved online calibration monitoring system in the U.S. nuclear industry. Several needs are identified, including an understanding of the impacts of sensor degradation on measurements for both conventional and emerging sensors; the quantification of uncertainty in online calibration assessment; determination of calibration acceptance criteria and quantification of the effect of acceptance criteria variability on system performance; and assessment of the feasibility of using virtual sensor estimates to replace identified faulty sensors in order to extend operation to the next convenient maintenance opportunity.

关键词：光机电；传感器；核电站；校准监视

查看摘要 索取原文[52页]

This report documents (1) the successful FCC certification effort by AKELA and (2) AKELA user test and evaluation of the NIJ ASTIR system. At the conclusion of this NIJ Cooperative effort, the ASTIR system received final FCC Certification. The FCC certification allows the availability of the ASTIR for LE emergency operations. Its effectiveness will be a function of the building wall material makeup, line-of-site metallic and moving obstructions, and complexity of the building structure. Due to limited user operational testing on complex structures and wall construction materials, it is anticipated that image display information and associated interpretation will require signal processing product improvement. Product improvements will be limited to signal processing and imaging display software - no modifications are required for radar hardware and/or the physical system.

关键词：光机电；传感器；墙成像；FCC认证

查看摘要 索取原文[36页]

Among gynecologic tumors, ovarian carcinoma has the highest lethality rate with about 14,600 deaths from ovarian cancer in the United States in 2009 [1]. Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women and often goes undetected until it reaches an advanced stage. Ovarian cancer causes more deaths in the United States than all other female reproductive cancers combined [1]. Due to the availability of early detection tests and improved treatments, survival rates are much higher for other cancers such as breast or cervical cancer. However, less than 20[1,2] of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage due to lack of reproducible and definitive diagnostic methods. Early symptomatic diagnosis is difficult as the typical symptoms (such as bloating, pelvic pain, and/or nausea) are common to a host of causes.

关键词：光机电；传感器；生物芯片；卵巢癌

查看摘要 索取原文[13页]

The work described in this report outlines the design and testing of a low-cost, single frequency, carrier phase positioning system. Furthermore, aiding sensor accuracy requirements are analyzed to improve the robustness of the carrier phase system after emerging from signal outages. The applications of interest are ones with safety-of-life implications such as driver assist systems for enhancing lane keeping performance in narrow lanes or during inclement weather when lane markings are obscured. In these applications, frequent GPS outages due to obstructions from buildings and highway overpasses often require solving for the integer ambiguities. The single frequency GPS receiver used for this work was the Hemisphere Crescent. Processing carrier phase data from this receiver was only intermittently successful. Even for data sets collected under ideal static and open-sky conditions, the integer ambiguity estimation process was often unsuccessful. Much effort was made to identify the source of the problem, but no conclusive reason was identified. Despite this setback, sensor accuracy requirements were studied analytically. and it was determined that aiding sensors capable of providing baseline vector position estimates with a standard deviation of less than 0:8 m have potential to improve the integer ambiguity resolution time. This requirement, especially for signal outages lasting longer than several seconds, limits the candidate aiding sensors to higher-cost systems. Therefore low-cost, carrier phase based driver assist systems, using currently available receivers and sensors, continues to be a challenging problem. However, this may be overcome in the next decade as the second and third GPS civilian signal, L2C and L5, become fully avialable by 2019.

关键词：光机电；传感器；频率；载波相位

查看摘要 索取原文[50页]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a new domain of distributed computing that has attracted great research interest over the last years. A WSN is composed of a large number of tiny battery-operated devices equipped with one or more sensing units, processor, memory, and wireless radio. The main goal of WSNs is to collect data about physical phenomena and deliver them to user applications through one or more exit points called sink nodes. Sink nodes are powerful devices, often a personal computer, that are in charge of gathering all the sensor-collected data, further processing them, and making them available to external networks such as the Internet.

关键词：光机电；传感器；无线网络；能源效率

查看摘要 索取原文[35页]

Recent years have witnessed the development and proliferation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), attributed to the technological advances of microelectrome-chanical systems (MEMS) and wireless communications. A WSN is composed of a number of sensor nodes, which are distributed in a specific area to perform certain sensing tasks. A typical sensor node is a low-cost battery-powered device equipped with one or more sensors, a processor, memory, and a short-range wireless transceiver. A variety of sensors, including thermal, optical, magnetic, acoustic, and visual sensors, are used to monitor different properties of the environment. The processor and memory enable the sensor node to perform simple data processing and storing operations. The transceiver makes the sensor node capable of wireless communications, which is critical for WSNs. With many WSNs located in difficult-to-access areas, users usually cannot collect the data in sensor nodes directly. In this case, sensors nodes can transmit the data through the wireless channel to the user or the data sink either directly or by relaying through multiple sensor nodes. Due to the same geographical difficulty, the batteries, as the power supply of the sensor nodes, are difficult to recharge or replace, restricting nodes' energy budget. Therefore, energy efficiency is the primary design concern in many WSNs.

关键词：光机电；传感器；无线网络；压缩

查看摘要 索取原文[22页]

In the future, technology will be hidden in the environment and invisible to the user but, at the same time, responsive and adaptive to user interaction and environmental variations [1]. For example, smart buildings will become aware of the presence of people and of their needs: thanks to this, temperature and light conditions will be adapted automatically for the best comfort and optimal power consumption. The realization of such a vision requires a technology that can sense, process and respond to external stimuli, both human and environmental, coming from many spots of a large environment, such as a room, a house or a whole building. An answer to such needs may come from WSNs. These are networks that consist of a large number of energy-autonomous nodes deployed into the environment to collect physical data.

关键词：光机电；传感器；集成；网络收音机

查看摘要 索取原文[31页]

Precision agriculture can particularly benefit from wireless sensor networks, as they allow continuous and fine-grained monitoring of environmental data, which can thus be used to reduce management costs and improve crop quality. Such applications typically require long-term and unattended monitoring of large geographical areas. Therefore, sensor nodes must be able to self-organize and use their limited energy budget very efficiently, so as to prolong the network lifetime to many months or, even, years. In this chapter we present ASLEEP, an adaptive strategy for efficient power management in multi-hop WSNs targeted to periodic data collection. The proposed strategy dynamically adjusts the active periods of nodes to match the network demands with the minimum energy expenditure. In this chapter we focus on the implementation and the experimental evaluation of ASLEEP on a real testbed deployed in a vineyard, according to the case study considered in the project. We show that our adaptive approach actually reduces the energy consumption of sensor nodes, thus increasing the network lifetime up to several years.

关键词：光机电；传感器；网络监测；实验

查看摘要 索取原文[17页]