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4441.海洋热能转换的技术准备(OTEC)
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-02-21]
The decreasing supply, and increasing cost, of fossil-fuel based energy has intensified the search for renewable alternatives. Although traditionally more expensive, renewable energy sources have many incentives, including increased national energy security, decreased carbon emissions, and compliance with renewable energy mandates and air quality regulations. In remote islands where increased shipping costs and economies of scale result in some of the most expensive fossil-fuel based energy in the world, renewable energy sources are particularly attractive. Many islands, including Guam and Hawaii, contain strategic military bases with high energy demands that would greatly benefit from an inexpensive, reliable source of energy independent of the fossilfuel based economy. The oceans are natural collectors of solar energy and absorb billions of watts of energy from the sun in the form of solar radiation daily.
关键词：海洋热电厂；换热器；海洋热能；转换；评价；性能；环境影响
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4442.沉积地层地热回收中的先进水平井再循环系统
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-02-21]
There is increased recognition that geothermal energy resources are more widespread than previously thought, with potential for providing a significant amount of sustainable clean energy worldwide. Recent advances in drilling, completion, and production technology from the oil and gas industry can now be applied to unlock vast new geothermal resources, with some estimates for potential electricity generation from geothermal energy now on the order of 2 million megawatts. Terralog USA, in collaboration with the University of California, Irvine (UCI), are currently investigating advanced design concepts for paired horizontal well recirculation systems, optimally configured for geothermal energy recovery in permeable sedimentary and crystalline formations of varying structure and material properties. This two-year research project, funded by the US Department of Energy, includes combined efforts for: 1) Resource characterization; 2) Small and large scale laboratory investigations; 3) Numerical simulation at both the laboratory and field scale; and 4) Engineering feasibility studies and economic evaluations.
关键词：地热能；钻孔；水平井；再循环系统；沉积地层
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4443.板载氢气/氦气传感器支持全球技术法规：燃料电池电动汽车碰撞测试中的性能评估
[汽车制造业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2014-02-21]
North American, European, and Asian automobile manufacturers project that commercial hydrogen fuel cell-powered light-duty road vehicles will be released by 2015 for general consumer applications. Initially they will be sold in select markets; a much broader market penetration is expected by 2025, when more than 1 million hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are expected to be on the road in the United States. Significant infrastructure implementation, including production capacity, transport, storage, and dispensing, is ongoing to prepare for the commercial introduction of FCEVs. Even more critical for the release of commercial hydrogen vehicles in the United States is the establishment of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) for hydrogen-powered vehicles. To ensure international harmony, North American, European, and Asian regulatory representatives are striving to base their respective national regulations on an international safety standard, the Global Technical Regulation (GTR), Hydrogen Fueled Vehicle, which is part of an international agreement pertaining to wheeled vehicles and associated equipment.
关键词：燃料电池；氢；氦；电动汽车；传感器
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4444.被动式燃料电池热管理技术的展示
[电气机械和器材制造业] [2014-02-21]
The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing advanced passive thermal management technology to reduce the mass and improve the reliability of space fuel cell systems for the NASA Exploration program. The passive thermal management system relies on heat conduction within highly thermally conductive cooling plates to move the heat from the central portion of the cell stack out to the edges of the fuel cell stack. Using the passive approach eliminates the need for a coolant pump and other cooling loop components within the fuel cell system which reduces mass and improves overall system reliability. Previous development demonstrated the performance of suitable highly thermally conductive cooling plates and integrated heat exchanger technology to collect the heat from the cooling plates (Ref. 1). The next step in the development of this passive thermal approach was the demonstration of the control of the heat removal process and the demonstration of the passive thermal control technology in actual fuel cell stacks. Tests were run with a simulated fuel cell stack passive thermal management system outfitted with passive cooling plates, an integrated heat exchanger and two types of cooling flow control valves. The tests were run to demonstrate the controllability of the passive thermal control approach. Finally, successful demonstrations of passive thermal control technology were conducted with fuel cell stacks from two fuel cell stack vendors.
关键词：燃料电池；温度控制；冷却系统
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4445.Poselets及其在高级计算机视觉中的应用
[计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业] [2014-02-21]
Part detectors are a common way to handle the variability in appearance in high-level computer vision problems, such as detection and semantic segmentation. Identifying good parts, however, remains an open question. Anatomical parts, such as arms and legs, are
difficult to detect reliably because parallel lines are common in natural images. In contrast, a visual conjunction such as "half of a frontal face and a left shoulder" may be a perfectly good discriminative visual pattern. We propose a new computer vision part, called a poselet,
wich is trained to respond to a given part of the object at a given viewpoint and pose. There is a wide variety of poselets { a frontal face, a pro le face, a head-and-shoulder con guration, etc. A requirement for training poselets is that the visual correspondence of object parts
in the training images be provided. We create a new dataset, H3D, in which we annotate the locations of keypoints of people, infer their 3D pose and label their parts (the face, hair, upper clothes, etc.). Our richly annotated dataset allows for creation of poselets as well as
other queries not possible with traditional datasets.
关键词：探测器；可用性计算机
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4446.分布式嵌入式软件合成系统
[信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业] [2014-02-21]
The amount and complexity of software in embedded control systems is increasing rapidly.This factor, together with the wide use of distributed platforms and the tight design requirements,raises great challenges to software design and development in these systems. However,the current design practice is largely manual and ad-hoc, especially at the system level, whichproduces suboptimal and unreliable systems. In this dissertation, we propose a systematic software synthesis ow to address some of the pressing issues in software design, in particular the heterogenity of the design inputs, the complexity of the design space, and the semantic di erence between the functional speci cation and the implementation platform.
关键词：软件合成系统；系统软件的设计和开发
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4447.通过测量燃料电池膜的含水量优化其性能
[电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-02-21]
The fuel cell (FC) is a source of energy that help to avoid pollution and thus contribute to solutions for global warming. This kind of battery is well known since many decades but its research for improving their efficiency is still in progress. Such battery could also be used for specific applications for example in agriculture where many devices operate in a limited area such as tractors, pumps, transfer systems treadmills of agricultural products. One important parameter among others is the diagnostic of their membranes state using real time humidity measurements to improve their efficiency. In this chapter, the basics of FC are first described and their various parameters described. The importance of humidity and its consequences on the efficiency of the FC are also summarized. The different techniques used for measuring the moisture content of the FC with their advantages and disadvantages are also presented before giving the results of measurements performed by our research team at the Nancy University Henri Poincare.
关键词：燃料电池；性能优化
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4448.多电平逆变器的燃料电池发电机组的模糊控制
[电气机械和器材制造业] [2014-02-21]
Distributed generation (DG) is increasing its role in modern power systems and the electricity produced by unconventional a.c. and d.c. sources is becoming fundamental in the overall balance. A key element of DG is its mix of different power sources, mostly connected with the grid trough power converters. Since the latter introduce grid perturbations and, at the same time, are affected by the instantaneous grid status, new topologies are being proposed aiming at reducing mutual influences, thus improving the overall efficiency, behaviour and cost. Since cascaded multilevel converters offer significant advantages over the widely diffused PWM two-level converters in terms of harmonic mitigation and low switching frequency. in this chapter a 9-level cascaded inverter suitable for distributed generation and supplied by four fuel cell stacks is proposed and discussed. Such a system operates both in grid-connected and in stand alone mode controlled by a fuzzy logic controller implemented on a FPGA. After a detailed description, system performance are verified and analysed through simulation and experimental results.
关键词：燃料电池；发电机组；电力系统
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4449.燃料电池市场前期发动的氢存储需求
[电气机械和器材制造业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2014-02-21]
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) objective for this project is to identify performance needs for onboard energy storage of early motive fuel cell markets by working with end users, manufacturers, and experts. The performance needs analysis is combined with a hydrogen storage technology gap analysis to provide the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Program with information about the needs and gaps that can be used to focus research and development activities that are capable of supporting market growth.
关键词：燃料电池；氢存储；能源存储
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4450.早期的燃料电池市场部署：ARRA及组合（IAA，DLA，ARRA）
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-02-21]
This report from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory includes early fuel cell market composite data products for the third quarter of 2012 for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and combined (IAA, DLA, ARRA) deployment projects.
关键词：燃料电池；市场；部署
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