No abstract available.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；能源消耗；可再生能源

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In 2009, Nevada received nearly $40 million in Neighborhood Stabilization Program funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The purpose of this funding was to stabilize communities that have suffered from foreclosures and abandonment. In an effort to provide guidance to local officials and maximize how effectively this Neighborhood Stabilization Program funding is used in retrofitting homes, the Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB) provided design specifications, energy modeling, and technical support for the Building America Retrofit Alliance (BARA) team and its local partners--Better Building Performance, Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners Green Alliance, and Home Free Nevada--for two retrofit test homes. One home was to demonstrate a modest retrofit and the other a deep energy retrofit. The Carmen and Sierra Hills homes demonstrate how cost effectively energy-efficient upgrades can be implemented in the hot, dry Southwest climate. The homes were used as an educational experience for home performance professionals, building trades, remodelers, and the public. In-field trainings on air sealing, HVAC upgrades, and insulating were provided to local contractors during the retrofit. BARA documented these retrofits through a series of video presentations, beginning with a site survey and concluding with the finished remodel and test out.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；能源车型；HVAC系统

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Modern smartphones feature multiple applications which access shared data on the solid state storage within the device. As applications become more complex, contention over this memory resource is becoming an issue. This leads to increased battery drain as the applications are forced to touch the solid state device repeatedly after failing to retrieve or store data due to contention from other applications. We describe an optimistic concurrency control algorithm, combining a novel Read-Write-Validate phase sequence with virtual execution. The protocol is suitable for governing transactions operating on databases residing on resource-constrained devices. Increasing energy efficiency and reducing latency are primary goals for our algorithm. We show that this is achieved by reducing persistent store access, and satisfy real-time requirements via transaction scheduling that affords greater determinism.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；数据库管理；开放式并发控制

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The work addressed the greenhouse gas emission and electrical energy consumption of the aluminum industry. The objective was to provide a means for reducing both through the application of wireless instrumentation, coupled to mathematical modeling. Worldwide the aluminum industry consumes more electrical energy than all activities in many major countries (e.g. the UK) and emits more greenhouse gasses (e.g. than France). Most of these excesses are in the 'primary production' of aluminum; that is the conversion of aluminum oxide to metal in large electrolytic cells operating at hundreds of thousands of amps. An industry-specific GHG emission has been the focus of the work. The electrolytic cells periodically, but at irregular intervals, experience an upset condition known as an 'anode effect'. During such anode effects the cells emit fluorinated hydrocarbons (PFCs, which have a high global warming potential) at a rate far greater than in normal operation. Therefore curbing anode effects will reduce GHG emissions. Prior work had indicated that the distribution of electrical current within the cell experiences significant shifts in the minutes before an anode effect. The thrust of the present work was to develop technology that could detect and report this early warning of an anode effect so that the control computer could minimize GHG emissions. A system was developed to achieve this goal and, in collaboration with Alcoa, was tested on two cells at an Alcoa plant in Malaga, Washington. The project has also pointed to the possibility of additional improvements that could result from the work. Notable among these is an improvement in efficiency that could result in an increase in cell output at little extra operating cost. Prospects for commercialization have emerged in the form of purchase orders for further installations. The work has demonstrated that a system for monitoring the current of individual anodes in an aluminum cell is practical. Furthermore the system has been installed twice on a smelter in the US without exposing workers to hazards usually associated with running signal wires in aluminum plants. The results display the early warning of an anode effect that potentially can be used to minimize such anode effects with their excessive GHG emissions. They also point to a possible, but substantial, economic benefit that could result in improved current efficiency by anode adjustment based on individual anode current measurements.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；能源消耗；数学建模

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Comprehensive and integrated resource planning considers the potential for increases in energy efficiency to reduce the requirements for new generation and transmission investments. This study supports such planning efforts by developing robust estimates of the economically achievable potential for improving the energy-efficiency of homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants located in the Eastern Interconnection. The approach of this study involves identifying a series of energy-efficiency policies and examining their impacts and cost-effectiveness using Georgia Tech's version of the National Energy Modeling System (GT-NEMS). The project emphasizes the impacts on electricity consumption, the levelized cost of policy-driven electricity savings, and distributive effects at the state and regional levels. Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia are covered by this study, and the time frame extends to 2035. Using GT-NEMS, we model twelve policy options designed to stimulate energy-efficiency investments and practices by providing better information, more effective regulations, and affordable financing. These policies are evaluated individually, combined into Policy Bundles and evaluated for each sector, and evaluated in an Integrated Policy scenario. While the policies are designed to address different market failures and barriers and to focus on distinct market segments and technologies, the level of savings driven by the policies diminishes as more policies are combined. We focus on the achievable energy-efficiency potential, which is the subset of the technically feasible and cost-effective potential that can be achieved through policy intervention. Based on GT-NEMS estimates from the Integrated Policy scenario, the twelve policies could significantly drive down energy consumption, reduce energy rates, and generate energy bill savings for end-users.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；成本效益；电力传输

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Within this project, Eaton undertook the task of bringing about significant impact with respect to sustainability. One of the major goals for the Department of Energy is to achieve energy savings with a corresponding reduction in carbon foot print. The use of a coupled induction heat treatment with high magnetic field heat treatment makes possible not only improved performance alloys, but with faster processing times and lower processing energy, as well. With this technology, substitution of lower cost alloys for more exotic alloys became a possibility; microstructure could be tailored for improved magnetic properties or wear resistance or mechanical performance, as needed.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；磁性；能源效率；热处理

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Combustion of biomass has been used by industry to produce steam and power for many years, but new technologies are being introduced to better recover the energy from biomass as well as to produce a synthetic gas (syngas) that can be used as a starting point in the production of automotive and diesel fuels as well as higher value chemicals. It is of significance that operating temperatures in combustion and gasification systems are often restricted by materials limitations resulting from the degradation of materials in the highest temperature areas. For systems recovering heat and/or generating steam, operating limits are often imposed by degradation of the superheater tubes that recover heat from the combustion gases at the highest temperatures. The steam temperature of biomass fueled boilers is limited by high temperature corrosion of superheater alloys in the ash deposit/flue gas environment. During visits with European researchers and boiler manufacturers and operators, it was learned that advanced European biomass boilers combine design modifications, process changes and corrosion resistant alloys to achieve substantially higher steam temperatures and efficiencies than U.S. biomass boilers. Design modifications to reduce superheater corrosion include adding an empty pass between the furnace and the superheater, installing cool tubes to trap low melting temperature chlorine deposits ahead of the superheater, heating the final superheater in the recirculated fluidizing medium of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, operating with a slagging superheater, designing superheaters for quick replacement, raising the superheater temperature above the dew point of the most corrosive deposits and installing an external superheater fired by a less-corrosive fuel. Process changes include diluting corrosive biomaterials with less-corrosive fuels, adding high sulfur fuels to convert alkali chlorides to lower melting temperature sulfates before they reach the superheater, washing chlorides out of agricultural residues and adding chemicals that convert alkali chlorides to aluminosilicates.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；流化床燃烧器；热回收

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关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；液体燃料；合成气；焦油重整

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Turning organic waste into resources like bio-fuels and other valuable products, in addition to recovering stable carbon and nutrients, promotes economic vitality and aides in the protection of the environment. This creates robust markets and sustainable jobs in multiple sectors of the economy and facilitates closed-loop material management where a by-product from one process becomes feedstock for another with no or minimal waste generated. The objective of this review is to describe existing technologies to create clean, non-polluting pyrolysis units for the production of energy, fuels and valuable by-products. The Department of Ecology and Washington State University provide this publication to help the public understand and take advantage of existing technologies to handle and pre-treat biomass resources that will be converted via fast or slow pyrolysis into liquid transportation fuels, bio-chemicals and biochar. Another goal of this project is to identify what new technologies need to be developed or what hurdles need to be overcome to convert organic waste resources available in Washington State into valuable products. This review does not represent an endorsement of the processes described and does not intend to exclude any technology or company offering similar services which, due to time and space limitations, was not cited in this report.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；液体燃料；生物燃料；热解

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No abstract available.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；低温技术；推进剂储存；热力学效率

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