In the modern era, it has become clear that environmental surfaces can easily be contaminated with infectious and disease-causing agents, and hence, disinfection plays a vital role in minimizing or reducing the chances of spreading infections. Disinfection is a process that includes physical or chemical means to control or destroy the harmful microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. The process of disinfection can be categorized into three levels in terms of the efficacy of disinfection. The chemical disinfectants are mainly categorized as per their chemical properties. These have different modes of action to destroy microbes, which include denaturing lipids or proteins, rupturing the cell wall, alkylation, or oxidation.

World war II gave rise to many advances, including healthcare specialization. In 1948, now called the American Academy of Family Physicians created the first U.S. CME credit system, which required 150 hours of CME for re-election to the membership every three years. In 1968, the American Medical Association came out with its Physician Recognition Award Categories 1 and 2, followed in 1972 by the American Osteopathic Association establishing categories of credit. Then, in 1981, along came the Accreditation Council for CME, which was created by the other medical organizations to provide a form of professional self-regulation for now 2,000 accredited providers of CME.

The healthcare sector is undergoing rapid changes with technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs to provide quality healthcare at an affordable cost. As a part of this, healthcare is adopting new technologies and is undergoing a digital transformation. One of the leading areas under this transformation is digital pathology, which is the digitalization of pathological operations. Digital pathology has been in healthcare and research since the introduction of photographic plates. But as technology is advancing, the tools used for performing pathological operations digitally are also advancing, with improvements in accuracy, ease of use, and connectivity.

The growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide is accelerating the demand for selfmonitoring blood glucose devices and test strips. For instance, around 10% of people are suffering from diabetes related complications in the US. Diabetes has been identified as the seventh leading cause of death in the US as it is known to cause cardiovascular conditions such as heart attacks, stroke, and blood clots. Other complications associated with diabetes include kidney-related diseases and amputation of lower limbs. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels by diabetic patients and undiagnosed individuals is critical in effectively managing this chronic condition.

Allergies or allergic diseases are caused due to hypersensitive reactions produced by the immune system to substances that are often considered harmless in general. Allergic diseases impact almost 20% of the global population. The prevalence of allergies is increasing with population, especially among children, opting to stay indoors. Hence, many researchers have started to refer to allergies as modern epidemic. This is mostly the case with food allergies that cause the highest anaphylaxis. Allergies occur when the body encounters specific substances and the immune system of the body recognizes it as a harmful substance. Such substances are termed as allergens. When allergen encounters the body through eyes, nose, skin, or ingestion, it produces an allergic response. Based on the mechanism followed during an allergic response, the allergic reactions are categorized as types I, II, III, and IV. The first three types of allergic reactions are caused by antibodies, whereas the type IV allergic reaction is caused by the lymphocytes.

The global commercial hand dryer market mainly includes two product segments: hot air and jet air hand dryers. Hot air dryers use the traditional technology of evaporating water to dry hands, whereas the jet drying system is capable of blowing the water away from the hands within a few seconds. Further, the hot air system has also undergone numerous technological advancements with due course of time. Taking demand into consideration, both products are widely popular among endusers. In the present scenario, the market is dominated by hot air hand dryers in terms of unit sales and revenue. However, jet air dryers accounted for almost the same revenue generation. One of the key reasons for this is the pricing difference between hot air and jet air dryers.

Nutrition is an essential part of life, and the need for nutrition is often amplified by acute or chronic illness. Several studies indicate an estimated 30% to 50% of patients hospitalized in the US show signs of malnutrition, which can occur due to an imbalanced diet, impaired digestion or absorption of nutrition, or other medical conditions when metabolic requirements exceed intake. Malnutrition is a global problem, and studies have indicated that 40% of hospitalized elderly patients in Canada and nearly 40% of hospitalized patients in Europe suffer from malnutrition, which, if left unmanaged, can worsen morbidity, mortality, and health complications, in addition to extending hospitalization.

REITs作为资产证券化的一种工具，底层资产是REITs项目的基石。REITs在我国刚刚起步，通过选取已经很成熟的美国REITs市场作为研究对象，运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法，基于资产质量的成熟理论框架进行归类识别，确定了资产规模、资产盈利性、资产周转率、资产可持续性、资产风险性5个条件，最终得出四种组态，分别是规模价值型、成长型、平衡型、常规价值型四大类，四种资产类型各有侧重，但四种资产组态具有等效性和发展性。研究表明企业可根据自身实际情况，选择适用于项目自身发展的不同组态，为我国刚刚开启的公募REITs上市选择底层资产提供理论与方法支持。

一场突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，让美国经济在去年面临严重的“休克”。为支持经济复苏，美联储中断了货币政策正常化进程，并实施了史无前例的“无上限”量化宽松政策。可以看到，迄今为止，美联储的措施基本上达到了救市的目的，避免了因为流动性不足而造成的金融机构恐慌性抛售资产以及其他负面影响。但持续的大规模货币政策宽松，也为美国经济的后续复苏埋下了隐患。为此，美联储不得不迈出转变立场的第一步。本月，市场期待已久的缩债靴子落地，美联储在11月议息会议声明中表示，将于本月中旬开始将购债规模缩减至700亿美元国债和350亿美元抵押支持债券（MBS）。有观点认为，这将是美联储重新开启加息周期的信号。然而，退出超宽松货币政策并没有想象中简单。结合美国经济基本面与加息对金融市场影响来看，分析人士普遍认为多重风险下，美联储将缓踩“刹车”。

散货船震荡上行。随着疫苗提速推广，叠加各国的积极财政政策刺激，全球大宗商品消费量价齐升，国际干散货市场复苏势头强劲，特别是在“中国因素”的带动下，铁矿砂、煤炭和谷物海运需求持续升温，推高了散货船的运价水平，7月BDI始终稳定在3000点之上。总体来看，7月克拉克松散货船平均收益为30402美元/天，创下2008年10月（含当月）以来新高，整体处于历史高位。环比增长11%，连续3个月环比上涨。同比暴涨156%。油运市场创20年来新低。油船市场难掩颓势，受实施消减碳排放政策以及原油价格高位震荡等事件影响，原油需求持续疲软；加之前期订造的VLCC集中交付，导致油运市场供需持续失衡，主要船型油运租金收益低位徘徊，油运市场一蹶不振。7月克拉克松油船航运平均收益仅为3650美元/天，创1990年以来新低，环比下降16%，同比暴跌69%。