The project was initiated by assembling a panel of experts from the wire rope industry and transportation sectors. The panel was consulted to develop and document a basic inspection specification for bridge suspender ropes and cables less than 3 inches in diameter. Using this specification, an initial laboratory testing plan was documented for single legged and double legged suspender rope which included length of rope, defect type, and location. Field testing of the technology was performed on the Manhattan Bridge suspender ropes. Of the five ropes tested, all of them contained cross-sectional area changes that were identified using guided wave ultrasound. On three of the ropes, it was possible to visually confirm the presence and location of each cross-sectional area change detected. On two of the ropes, it was impossible to visually confirm the presence of the cross-sectional area reduction due to access problems. The Manhattan Bridge suspender ropes were taken out of service and inspected visually to confirm the presence of cable defects. Also, during this reporting period, the feasibility of inspecting the main cable of a cable stay bridge was studied for the first time. From one sensor position, the technology scanned approximately 120 feet from a single sensor position. Ultrasonic data were acquired at 4 four different locations. A total of 4 Collar reflections were observed at every 20 feet. Between the collars, no significant reductions in cross-sectional area due to wire breaks or corrosion were observed. The study showed, for the first time, that main cables may also be inspected with the proposed technology.

关键词：传感器；现场试验；导波；电缆（绳）；技术评估

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The United States roadway system has deteriorated over time due to its age, increasing delays in completing preventative maintenance, and the lack of timely repairs following damage to the infrastructure. Proper asset management drives the need for generalized methods to integrate new sensing capabilities into existing Intelligent Transportation Systems in a time efficient and cost effective manner. In this thesis, we present a methodology for the deployment of new sensors into an existing ITS system. The proposed methodology employs a three phase approach that incorporates data modeling, spatial analysis in Geographic Information Systems, and cost optimization to provide enhanced decision support when deploying new sensing capabilities within an existing ITS. Additionally, we also demonstrate the usefulness of computing while integrating these new sensors using a guardrail sensor case study and focusing on data modeling. The results of the three phase methodology demonstrate an effective means for planning new sensor deployments by analyzing tradeoffs in equipment selection yielding the minimum cost solution for a given set of requirements. Furthermore, the results of the data models demonstrate necessary considerations that must be made with a systems engineering method. The data models accomplish this while accounting for asset management principles taking a systematic approach and incorporating engineering principles.

关键词：传感器；探测器；决策支持系统；地理信息系统

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Classification using portable advanced electromagnetic sensors, designed to operate in areas where terrain and vegetation preclude the use of vehicle-borne sensors, was demonstrated at the former Camp Beale, CA in 2011. The TEMTADS 2x2, Man-Portable Vector (MPV) and portable Berkeley UXO Discriminator (BUD) were used to successfully classify all of the targets of interest by all analysts. There was some variation among analysts in the percent of clutter rejected. All but two of the 16 performers eliminated about 75of the clutter. This is comparable to the results achieved using the vehicular-borne MetalMapper on another part of this site. Even though this was the first live site demonstration for each of the sensors, daily productivity of 90 to 175 anomalies was possible. One of the teams was able to collect cued data, extract parameters, and classify for $26 per anomaly. Using this per anomaly cost for classification and a few reasonable assumptions we calculate that the use of classification would result in a 50savings for a 100-acre remediation on a site with conditions like Camp Beale. When a site is remediated, it is typically mapped with a geophysical system, based on either a magnetometer or electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor, and the locations of all detectable signals are excavated. Many of these detections do not correspond to munitions, but rather to other harmless metallic objects or geology: field experience indicates that often in excess of 99of objects excavated during the course of a munitions response are found to be nonhazardous items. As a result, most of the costs to remediate a munitions- contaminated site are currently spent on excavating targets that pose no threat. If these items could be determined with high confidence to be nonhazardous, some of this expense could be avoided and the available funding applied to more sites.

关键词：传感器；电磁感应；便携式设备；电磁辐射；地质；地球物理

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This publication primarily applies to electronic sensors that could be used on mobile into-plane fuelling equipment, in conjunction with filtration equipment. In addition to the design and functional requirements that apply to every sensor produced by a manufacturer, it also includes standardized laboratory testing protocols for the 'first article testing' of a make/model/version of a sensor. These cover performance verification in response to dirt and free water contamination challenges, testing of mechanical integrity in response to pressure and material compatibility.

关键词：传感器；探测器；电子设备；航空燃料；实验测试

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Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is regarded as a center for unbiased expertise in testing and evaluation of geophysical sensors and instrumentation for ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring (GNEM) systems. This project will sustain and enhance our component evaluation capabilities. In addition, new sensor technologies that could greatly improve national monitoring system performance will be sought and characterized.

关键词：传感器；核爆炸探测；监测；桑迪亚国家实验室

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The development of validated multidisciplinary Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) tools, technologies, and techniques to enable detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and mitigation in the presence of adverse conditions during flight will provide effective solutions to deal with safety related challenges facing next generation aircraft. The adverse conditions include loss of control caused by environmental factors, actuator and sensor faults or failures, and damage conditions. A major concern in these structures is the growth of undetected damage (cracks) due to fatigue and low velocity foreign impacts that can reach a critical size during flight, resulting in loss of control of the aircraft. Hence, development of efficient methodologies to determine the presence, location, and severity of damage in critical structural components is highly important in developing efficient structural health management systems.

关键词：传感器；表征；损害评估；结构健康监测；裂纹扩展

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This report documents the study of baseline sensor technology for enabling condition based maintenance plus in Army ground vehicles. The sensor study was driven from Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) conducted on four high cost driver components in Army ground vehicles by Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC). The four high cost driver components in Army ground vehicles as identified by TARDEC are engines, transmissions, batteries, and alternators. This report provides an assessment of current ground vehicle sensor systems and new baseline sensor technologies that may be used to support prognostic/diagnostic fault mode coverage including structural and component health monitoring for enabling condition based maintenance plus (CBM +) strategies to increase the operational availability of Army ground vehicles.

关键词：传感器；维护；汽车零部件；蓄电池；结构特性

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The Dempster-Shafer Theory, a generalization of the Bayesian theory, is based on the idea of belief and as such can handle ignorance. When all of the required information is available, many data fusion methods provide a solid approach. Yet, most do not have a good way of dealing with ignorance. In the absence of information, these methods must then make assumptions about the sensor data. However, the real data may not fit well within the assumed model. Consequently, the results are often unsatisfactory and inconsistent. The Dempster-Shafer Theory is not hindered by incomplete models or by the lack of prior information. Evidence is assigned based solely on what is known, and nothing is assumed. Hence, it can provide a fast and accurate means for multi- sensor fusion with ignorance. In this research, we apply the Dempster-Shafer Theory in target tracking and in gait analysis. We also discuss the Dempster- Shafer framework for fusing data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor unit for precise local navigation. Within this application, we present solutions where GPS outages occur.

关键词：传感器；数据融合；不确定性；随机过程

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Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) are susceptible to outages due to blocked or missing satellite signals and/or blocked or missing DGPS correction messages. Outages arise primarily due to environmental reasons: passing under bridges, passing under overhead highway signs, adjacent foliage, etc. Generally, these outages are spatially deterministic, and can be accurately predicted. These outages distract drivers using DGPS-based driver assistive systems, and limit the system robustness. Inertial measurements have been proposed as an augmentation for DGPS. Tests have shown that error rates for even emerging technologies are still too high; a vehicle can maintain lane position for less than three to four seconds. Ring laser gyros can do the job, but $100K per axis is still too expensive for road-going vehicles. To provide robust vehicle positioning in the face of DGPS outages, the IV Lab has developed a technique by which a non-contact, 2D true ground velocity sensor is used to guide the vehicle. Although far from fully developed, the system can maintain vehicle position within a lane for GPS outages of up to 20 seconds. New dual frequency, carrier phase DGPS systems generally require less than 20 seconds to acquire a 'fix' solution after a GPS outage, so the performance of this system should be adequate for augmentation. Proposed herein is basic research which may lead to the development of an inexpensive, 2D, non-contact velocity sensor optimized for vehicle guidance during periods of DGPS outages.

关键词：传感器；全球定位系统；光探测器；驱动辅助系统；差分全球定位系统（DGPS）

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Through a three-way collaboration between the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB) at the University of California, Santa Barbara; The Aerospace Corporation; and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, we investigated the use of a pyroelectric perovskite based material for a novel two-dimensional uncooled infrared focal plane array. Barium strontium titanate (BSTO) was chosen by the ICB as the perovskite material to be used due to its stable nanocrystals, which would allow a high quality, homogenous, crack-free film to be dispersed onto sensor readouts. This ferroelectric ceramic material, once transformed into the pyroelectric crystalline form, would be used as the active material in thermal imaging devices. An in-house process for the film deposition was developed for this purpose.

关键词：传感器；钡锶钛酸盐；红外探测器；陶瓷材料；热电性

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