On February 18, 2014, President Obama directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to develop a second round of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fuel economy standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks. The standards, which will affect trucks beginning with the 2019 model year, are to be proposed by March 2015 and finalized a year later. The standards will be the fourth set of GHG emission standards for mobile sources.

关键词：汽车；清洁空气法案（CAA）；气候；环境保护署

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a year 2007 air quality modeling platform in support of the Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards. The air quality modeling platform consists of all of the emissions inventories, ancillary files needed for emissions modeling, and the meteorological, initial condition, and boundary condition files needed to run the air quality model. This platform uses all Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs) and a select set of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). This document focuses on the emissions modeling components of the 2007 platform, including the emission inventories and the ancillary data and the approaches used to transform emission inventories for use in air quality modeling.

关键词：空气污染控制；空气质量；废气排放

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It is well established that GHG emissions must be reduced by 50% to 80% by 2050 in order to limit global temperature increase to 2DGC. Achieving reductions of this magnitude in the transportation sector is a challenge and requires a multitude of policies and technology options. The research presented here analyzes three scenarios: changes in the perceived price of travel, land-use intensification, and increases in transit. Elasticity estimates are derived using an activity-based travel model for the state of California and broadly representative of the U.S. The VISION model is used to forecast changes in technology and fuel options that are currently forecast to occur in the U.S., providing a life cycle GHG forecast for the road transportation sector. Results suggest that aggressive policy action is needed, especially pricing policies, but also more on the technology side. Medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are in particular need of additional fuel or technology-based GHG reductions.

关键词：空气污染控制；航空；排放；能源需求

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As noted in the Federal Register (79 FR XXXXX, February 12, 2014), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released an interpretive memorandum to clarify Underground Injection Control (UIC) program requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, for underground injection of diesel fuels in hydraulic fracturing (HF) for oil and gas extraction and a technical guidance containing recommendations for EPA permit writers to consider in implementing these UIC Class II requirements. The EPA has developed the memorandum and technical guidance to achieve the following objectives: 1) to explain the existing legal requirement under the 2005 statutory amendments to the SDWA and the EPAs implementing regulations regarding applicability of UIC program permitting requirements, that any owner or operator who injects diesel fuels in HF for oil or gas extraction must obtain a UIC Class II permit before injection; 2) to explain the agencys interpretation of the statutory term diesel fuels in hydraulic fracturing for oil or gas extraction as used in the SDWA; and 3) to describe existing UIC Class II program requirements for permitting underground injection of diesel fuels in HF and to provide recommendations for EPA permit writers to consider in implementing these requirements to ensure protection of underground sources of drinking water (USDWs).

关键词：柴油燃料；饮用水；流体注入；水力压裂

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本报告通过文献调研，全面系统地梳理了20 世纪70 年代以来中国水污染防治政策的进展情况，报告如下：第一，中国水污染防治规划体系逐步完善。第二，“命令—控制类”政策工具逐步强化，并发挥基础性作用。其中，水污染防治的标准体系逐步建立和完善，排污达标稳步推进，废水达标率稳步提高；总量控制制度不断深化，并发挥重要“约束性”作用；排污许可制度仍处于试行阶段；限期治理制度建立并开始实施。第三，水污染防治的环境经济政策框架初步形成，市场化减排机制在探索中前行。其中，水污染物排污收费制度逐步建立并不断完善；水污染防治财政制度逐步完善；供水价格形成机制逐步完善，水价逐步调整；水污染物排污权交易试点进一步扩大。第四，水污染防治的能力建设稳步提高，水污染防治技术政策逐步完善。中国水污染防治工作可以追溯到20 世纪70 年代。本报告通过文献调研全面梳理了中国水污染防治政策的进展情况，这是评估水污染防治政策，进而提出改进方向的基础。

关键词：水污染；防治政策

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To help control the growth of hospital spending, give hospitals an incentive to provide care efficiently, and ensure beneficiary access, Congress created the IPPS in 1983. Yet, Congress can enhance Medicare payments to certain hospitals by changing the qualifying criteria for IPPS payment categories, creating and extending exceptions to IPPS rules, or by exempting certain types of hospitals from the IPPS. The Institute of Medicine and the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission have stated that such practices undermine the integrity of the IPPS. GAO was asked to review legislation that altered payments to certain hospitals. In this report, GAO (1) identified provisions of law that enhanced Medicare payments for only a subset of hospitals and (2) examined the extent to which hospitals qualified for adjustments to the IPPS or exemptions from the IPPS in 2012. To conduct this work, GAO reviewed provisions enacted from 1997 to 2012 to identify those that adjusted payments to a subset of IPPS hospitals or exempted hospitals from the IPPS. GAO analyzed data to learn the number, location, and size of hospitals affected by these provisions and budgetary estimates for the first year of implementation, where available. GAO also analyzed 2012 data on 4,783 general hospitals to determine the number and types of adjustments they received, the extent to which they qualified for multiple adjustments, and the number exempted from the IPPS. The Department of Health and Human Services reviewed a draft of this report, and provided technical comments, which we incorporated as appropriate.

关键词：医疗费用;医院;实施;住院病人潜在的支付系统(绿皮书);立法;医疗保险;修改;付款

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关键词：就业；GDP；考核体系

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2014年2季度，国家和各级地方政府相继出台系列措施，规范港口和航运市场，推动港口和航运企业的健康快速发展：为规范全国内河船型标准化补贴资金管理，促进内河运力结构调整和水运节能减排，提高船型标准化率和船闸通过效率，财政部联合交通运输部于4月9日印发了《内河船型标准化补贴资金管理办法》。交通运输部为进一步加强内河渡口建设标准化工作，提高渡口安全保障能力，于5月6日公布了《关于内河渡口建设标准化的指导意见（征求意见稿）》。同时，为推进我国港口转型升级，实现持续健康发展，交通运输部又于6月10日发布了《关于推进港口转型升级的指导意见》。

关键词：港口；航运；政策环境

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2014年2季度，国家相关部门陆续出台的一系列政策继续对我国石化行业发展产生重要影响。在产业发展、调控及准入政策方面，国家发改委先后发布《关于保障天然气稳定供应长效机制的若干意见》保障天然气稳定供应、发布《关于加快推进储气设施建设的指导意见》鼓励各种所有制参与储气设施建设运营；在体制改革和价格管理方面，国务院办公厅发布《关于支持外贸稳定增长的若干意见》稳步推进石油流通体制改革、国家发改委继续适时调整成品油价格确保市场平稳健康运行；对外贸易方面，商务部继续实施反倾销措施间接保护国内化工产品市场。

关键词：石油；化工；政策

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2014年2季度，医药行业政策主要集中在以下几个方面：首先，《深化医药卫生体制改革2014年重点工作任务》印发，明晰了2014年医改的政策导向，确定了各部门的工作职责；其次，《关于做好常用低价药品供应保障工作的意见》发布，为解决低价药短缺的问题提供了具体的政策支持；最后，《关于保障儿童用药的若干意见》出台，有助于提升我国儿童健康与用药水平，更好地维护儿童健康权益。

关键词：医药行业；政策环境

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